一．词语修辞格(1)simile明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.(W.Wordsworth:TheDaffodils)我像一朵浮云独自漫游。Theyareaslikeastwopeas.他们两个长得一模一样。Hisyoungdaughterlooksasredasarose.他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。①“Mama,”Wangerosaidsweetasabird.“CanIhavetheseoldquilts?”②Hairisalloverhisheadafootlongandhangingfromhischinlikeakinkymuletail.③Myskinislikeanuncooked（未煮过的）barleypancake.④Theoratorial（雄辩的）stormthatClarenceDarrowandDudleyFieldMaloneblewupinthelittlecourtinDaytonsweptlikeafreshwindthoughtheschools…⑤Iseealsothedull（迟钝的）,drilled（训练有素的）,docile（易驯服的）,brutish（粗野的）massesoftheHunsoldieryplodding（沉重缓慢地走）onlikeaswarm（群）ofcrawlinglocusts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor暗喻暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers演员.(WilliamShakespeare)整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。Educationisnotthefillingofapail桶,butthelightingofafire.(WilliamB.Yeats)教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。①Itisavast（巨大的）,sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）ofaroom,…②MarkTwain---MirrorofAmerica③mainartery（干线）oftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart④TheDuchessofCroydonkeptfirm,tightreinonherracingmind.⑤Hervoicewasawhiplash（鞭绳）.⑥Weshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheair,until,withGod’shelp,wehaveridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke（枷锁）.（3）metonymy借代，转喻用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。TheWhiteHousehasdeniedthereportthatmoretroopswillbesenttoIraq.Helivesbythepen.(=writing).他以写作为生。Heistoofondofthebottle(=drinking).他太贪杯了。①TheWashingtonPost,inaneditorialcaptioned"KeepYourOldWebster's"②...hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickaxe（镐）（4）synecdoche提喻以部分指代整体1.Wearelackofhands.（hands指代人手，劳动力）2.Thecasehaderuptedroundmyhead.（head指代整个人）3.Orwhatofthosesheetsandjetsofairthatarenowbeingused,inplaceof(代替)old-fashionedoakandhinges...4.Butneitherhisvanitynorhispurseisanyconcernofthedictionary's（purse指代金钱）（5）personification拟人把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。①Theyoungmoonliesonherback…②Everyhereandthere,adoorwaygivesaglimpseofasunlit（阳光照射的）courtyard,perhapsbeforeamosqueoracaravanserai,wherecamelsliedisdainfully（轻蔑的）chewingtheirhay（干草）…③...toliterature'senduringgratitude...（文学的持续感激）④Thegraveworldsmilesasusual...⑤Bitternessfedontheman...（痛苦为人类提供食物（6）transferredepithet移就修饰转移把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。(转移描述词;移就修辞格）①Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulder②Theobese（极为肥胖的）bodyshookinanappreciativechuckle.③Ihavebeenexhilaratedbytwodaysofstorms,butaboveallIlovetheselongpurposelessdaysinwhichIshedallthatIhaveeverbeen.(V.Sackville-West,NoSignpostsintheSea)（7）hyperbole夸张这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气①Theroadwayisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedeveryfewyardsbylittlestallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekind...
