实用英语语法笔记第一部分 词法Chapter 1. 主谓一致一、概念：主谓一致是指：1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时 ,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二、相关知识点精讲1、并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如：Reading and writing are very important. 注：当主语由 and 连结时,如果表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。2、主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当 either… or… 与 neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4、谓语需用单数的情况1)代词 each 以及由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有 each, every 时, 谓语需用单数。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder. /There is something wrong with my watch. 2)当主...
