动词不定式和动名词(8 页)Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精,善益求善。动词不定式和动名词一、动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是 to+do;其否定形式是 not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe.(1)但在英语中,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it 仅作形式主语。 (2)假如要表示不定式动作的执行者,就在 It + be +形容词+to do sth 该句型中的不定式之前加 for sb或 of sb。① 在形容词 hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dangerous, safe 等之后常用 for sb,即构成句型:It + be + 形容词+for sb to do sth。e.g. It’s not easy for us to learn a foreign language well. It’s dangerous for you to swim in the river. 该句型中的形容词修饰的是不定式,强调的是做某事怎么样。② 在形容词 nice, kind, clever, foolish(愚蠢的), polite(有礼貌的), careless, careful 等之后,常用 of sb,即构成句型:It + be + 形容词+of sb + to do sth e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. It was wrong of them to cut the trees. 该句型中的形容词主要修饰人,表示某人的性质或特征,强调的是这个人怎么样。(3)it 作形式主语时,其后的谓语也可以是实义动词。e.g. It took us five hours to get there. It made me happy to find my friends there.(4)动词不定式与疑问词 how, what, when, where, which 等构成不定式短语,也可作主语。e.g. How to use the computer is the question. Where...