集装箱航运和港口概述外文翻译VIP专享

外文翻译原文Container Shipping And Ports:An OverviewMaterial Source:Institute fo Transport and Maritime AntwerpITMMA, University of Antwerp,24. Author: THEO E. NOTTEBOOMAbstractGlobalisation, deregulation, logistics integration and containerisation have reshaped the port and shipping industry. Port and maritime companies are challenged to redefine their functional role in the value chain for the sake of creating customer value and of ensuring the survival and growth of the company. Companies are busily trying to disrupt the status quo rather than preserve it. Based on empirical evidence, this paper demonstrates that because of the rapidly changing environment the port and liner shipping markets are not stable any longer. Individual terminal operators and shipping lines tend to walk different paths on a quest for higher margins and increased customer satisfaction.And more than once they have to change paths.1 IntroductionThe market environment in which container ports and shipping linesare operating is substantially changing. One of the main driving forces to change emerges f rom the globalisation process and the large-scale adoption of the container s ince the late 1960s. Worldwide container port throughput increased from 36 million TEU1 in 1980 to 266 million TEU in 22. Forecasts point to between 432 and 468 million TEU in 2025. While the Atlantic Rim is the cradle of containerisation,economically dynamic East Asia has become the world’s main container region. The shareof Asia in worldwide container port throughput rose from 25 per cent in 1980 to about 46 per cent now, while Europe saw its share drop from 32 per cent to 23 per cent.The rise of world containerisation is the result of the interplay of mac...