1、 外文原文 A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer The single—chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century [1]。 These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture， shown in Fig。3—5A-1， others follow the philosophy， widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture ， shown in Fig.3-5A—2。 In general terms a single-chip microcomputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a computer into a single device, as shown in Fig3-5A—3. Fig。3-5A-1 A Harvard type Fig。3—5A-2。 A conventional Princeton computerProgrammemoryDatamemory CPUInput&Outputunitmemory CPUInput&Outputunit Reset Interrupts Power Fig3-5A—3. Principal features of a microcomputer Read only memory (ROM).ROM is usually for the permanent, non-volatile storage of an applications program 。Many microcomputers and m are intended for high-volume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be committed permanently during the manufacture of chips . Clearly ， this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools. Some manufacturers provide additional ROM options by including in their range devices with （or intended for u...
