§7-3 核外电子的运动状态The Moving Stations of Electrons outer the Atomic Nucleus一、微观粒子的波粒二象性(The Wave-like and Particle-like Character of Micro Particles) 1.光的波粒二象性 p 显示了粒子性( particle property),λ 显示了波动性( wave property),但真正把光的波动性和粒子性统一地反映出来的理论是量子电动力学
2.电子的波粒二象性(The wave and particle properties of the electron)1924 年 Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) who worked on his Ph
thesis in physics at the Sorbonne in Paris
受到光的波粒二象性的启发,大胆提出了电子也有波粒二象性
He suggested that the electron in circular path above the nucleus to propose that the characteristic wavelength of the electron or of any other particle depends on its mass, m, and velocity, v: (1) λ = h / m v, (h:Planck’s constant)Sample exercise: What is the characteristic wavelength of a electron with a velocity of 5
97106 m·s1
(The mass of an electron is 9