专题二 句法篇第 1 讲 定语从句考点一 定语从句概述及关系代词引导的定语从句一、定语从句概述1．定义：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词或不定代词，如：some， any， every， no与body, thing 的合成词或 all, none, any, some, that, those 等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。3．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as 等。关系副词：when, where, why 等。4．分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。区别：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，而非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。试比较：5．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。6．位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。①Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.请支持这个计划的人举手。②As is known to us all, the earth is spinning around the sun.我们都知道，地球围绕太阳旋转。二、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1．who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。2．whose 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？②I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。3．which, that 所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语...
