第1页共10页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第1页共10页风险分析及方法简述(中英文)1BasicRiskManagementFacilitationMethods基本的风险管理的便利方法Someofthesimpletechniquesthatarecommonlyusedtostructureriskmanagementbyorganizingdataandfacilitatingdecision-makingare:下面是一些简单的通常使用的方法,进行风险管理和制定决策:Flowcharts/流程图CheckSheets/检查清单ProcessMapping/过程图CauseandEffectDiagrams(alsocalledanIshikawadiagramorfishbonediagram)/因果图(或者叫鱼骨图)2FailureModeEffectsAnalysis(FMEA)失效模式与效果分析2.1Describe/描述FMEA(seeIEC60812)providesforanevaluationofpotentialfailuremodesforprocessesandtheirlikelyeffectonoutcomesand/orproductperformance.Oncefailuremodesareestablished,riskreductioncanbeusedtoeliminate,contain,reduceorcontrolthepotentialfailures.FMEAreliesonproductandprocessunderstanding.FMEAmethodicallybreaksdowntheanalysisofcomplexprocessesintomanageablesteps.Itisapowerfultoolforsummarizingtheimportantmodesoffailure,factorscausingthesefailuresandthelikelyeffectsofthesefailures.FMEA提供了工艺潜在失效模式的评估和对产品性能或结果的潜在影响。一旦将建立了失效模式,风险的降低可被用来消除、囊括、降低或控制潜在的失效活动。FMEA依赖于对产品和工艺的理解。FMEA将复杂的工艺系统地分解为简单的步骤。FMEA对重要的失效模式、引起失效的因素以及失效可能带来的后果进行汇总的有力工具。2.2PotentialAreasofUse(s)使用的潜在区域FMEAcanbeusedtoprioritizerisksandmonitortheeffectivenessofriskcontrolactivities.FMEA可用来安排风险的优先顺序,监控风险控制活动的有效性。FMEAcanbeappliedtoequipmentandfacilitiesandmightbeusedtoanalyzeamanufacturingoperationanditseffectonproductorprocess.Itidentifieselements/operationswithinthesystemthatrenderitvulnerable.Theoutput/resultsofFMEAcanbeusedasabasisfordesignorfurtheranalysisortoguideresourcedeployment.FMEA可用于设备和设施,也可用于分析某一生产操作及其对产品或工艺的影响。它可识别系统内的元素/操作的弱点。FMEA的结果可被作为设计或深入分析或指导资源配置的依据。3FailureMode,EffectsandCriticalityAnalysis(FMECA)失效模式、效果与关键程度的分析3.1Describe/描述FMEAmightbeextendedtoincorporateaninvestigationofthedegreeofseverityoftheconsequences,theirrespectiveprobabilitiesofoccurrence,andtheirdetectability,therebybecomingaFailureModeEffectandCriticalityAnalysis(FMECA;seeIEC60812).Inorderforsuchananalysistobeperformed,theproductorprocessspecificationsshouldbeestablished.FMECAcanidentifyplaceswhereadditionalpreventiveactionsmightbeappropriatetominimizerisks.FMEA可以延伸到结果严重程度的调查、发生的概率和可检测性,发展为FMECA。为执行这样的分第2页共10页第1页共10页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第2页共10页析,应建立产品或工艺的质量标准。FMECA可以鉴定何时采用预防措施可以将风险家最小化。3.2PotentialAreasofUse(s)使用的潜在区域FMECAapplicationinthepharmaceuticalindustryshouldmostlybeutilizedforfailuresandrisksassociatedwithmanufacturingprocesses;however,itisnotlimitedtothisapplication.TheoutputofanFMECAisarelativerisk“score”foreachfailuremode,whichisusedtorankthemodesonarelativeriskbasis.制药企业的FMECA应最大的利用与生产工艺相联系的失效和风险,但是不局限于这一应用。FMECA的结果是每一风险模式的相对的风险“中心”,用来分级相对风险根据。4FaultTreeAnalysis(FTA)失误树分析4.1Describe/描述TheFTAtool(seeIEC61025)isanapproachthatassumesfailureofthefunctionalityofaproductorprocess.Thistoolevaluatessystem(orsub-s...