第1页共44页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共44页MBA专业术语汇总AAbility-to-payprinciple能力纳税原则TheideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburdenAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势ThecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivityAggregate-demandcurve总需求曲线Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyatanypricelevelAggregate-supplycurve总供给曲线AcurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellatanylevelAppreciation升值AnincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuyAutomaticstabilizers自动稳定器ChangesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateactionAveragefixedcost平均固定成本FixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragerevenue平均收益TotalrevenuedividedbythequantitysoldAveragetaxrate平均税率TotaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincomeAveragetotalcost平均总成本TotalcostdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragevariablecost平均可变成本Variablescostsdividedbythequantityofoutput第2页共44页第1页共44页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共44页Accelerator加速数theeffectonGDPoftheincreaseininvestmentthatresultsfromanincreaseinoutput.Forinstance,thegreateroutputleadsafirmtobelievethatthedemandforitsproductswillriseinthefuture;theresultingincreaseininvestmentleadstogrowthinoutputandstillfurtherincreasesininvestment,acceleratingtheexpansionoftheeconomyAcquiredendowments后天禀赋resourcesacountrybuildsforitself,likeanetworkofroadsoraneducatedpopulationAdaptiveexpectations适应性预期expectationsbasedontheextrapolationofeventsintherecentpastintothefutureaggregateexpendituresschedule总支出曲线acurvethattracesouttherelationshipbetweenexpenditures--thesumofconsumption,investment,governmentexpenditures,andnetexports--andthenationalincome,atafixedpricelevelantitrustlaws反托拉斯法lawsthatdiscouragemonopolyandrestrictivepracticesandencouragegreatercompetitionarbitrage套利theprocessbywhichassetswithcomparablerisk,liquidity,andtaxtreatmentarepricedtoyieldcomparableexpectedreturnsadverseselection逆向选择principlethatsaysthatthosewhomostwanttobuyinsurancetendtobethosemostatrisk,butchargingahighpriceforinsurance(tocoverthehighrisk)willdiscouragethoseatlessriskfrombuyinginsuranceatallasset资产anyitemthatislong-lived,purchasedfortheserviceitrendersoveritslifeandforwhatonewillreceivewhenonesellsitassistanceinkind实物援助publicassistancethatprovidesparticulargoodsandservices,likefoodormedicalcare,ratherthancashasymmetricinformation信息不对称asituationinwhichthepartiestoatransactionhavedifferentinformation,aswhenthesellerorausedcarhasmoreinformationaboutitsqualitythenthebuyer第3页共44页第2页共44页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第3页共44页autonomousconsumption自主消费thatpartofconsumptionthatdoesnotdependonincomeaveragecosts平均成本thetotalcostsdividedbythetotaloutputaverageproductivity平均产量totalquantitydividedbythetotalquantityofinputBBenefitsprinciple受益原则TheideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservicesBond债券AcertificateofindebtednessBudgetconstraint预算约束ThelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanaffordBudgetdeficit预算赤字Anexcessofgovernmentspendingovergove...
