高考英语二轮复习 专题限时训练 科普知识型阅读理解（1）VIP免费

[科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)DNAleftatacrimescenecouldbeusedinthefuturetobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface,whichwasrevealedtonight.AfirststeptowardsgeneticmugshotshasbeentakenbyresearchersintheUSwholinkspecificDNAmarkerswithfaceshapes.Toidentifythegenes,theyfocusedonknownmutations(突变)thatcausechangesofthefaceandhead.Normalversionsofthesegeneswerefoundtoinfluenceindividualfeatures.Forinstance,onegeneaffectedthelips,anothertheshapeandconfigurationofbonesaroundtheeyes,andathirdtheappearanceofthemidfaceandskull.Intotal,20geneshad“significanteffects”onfacialappearance.LeadscientistProfessorMarkShriver,fromthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,said,“WeuseDNAtomatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividual,butwecangetsomuchmorefromDNA.Currentlywecan'tgofromDNAtoaface,orfromafacetoDNA,butitshouldbepossible.”Theimplicationsarefarreaching,raisingthepossibilityofcreatingadatabankoffacialtypesbasedongeneticmarkers.DNAfromacrimescenecouldthenbeusedtoproducearoughimageofthefaceofanoffenderorvictim.Suchgeneticmugshotsmaybemorereliablethancomputergenerated“Efits”basedonwitnesses'memory.Otherusesofthetechniquemightincludeprovingtheidentitiesoffathersinpaternitycases,orvisualizingourremoteancestorsfromfossilDNA.ThescientistswroteintheonlinejournalPublicLibraryofScienceGenetics，“Suchpredictivemodellingcouldbeforensicallyuseful.Forexample,DNAleftatcrimescenescouldbetestedandfacescouldbepredictedinordertohelptonarrowthepoolofpotentialsuspects.Further,ourmethodscouldbeusedtopredictthefacialfeaturesofdescendants,deceasedancestors,andevenextincthumanspecies.Inaddition,thesemethodscouldprovetobeusefuldiagnostictools.”TheteamdevelopedamodelwhichfirstestablishedarangeofphysicalfaceshapesfrompeopleofmixedWestAfricanandEuropeanancestryfromtheUS,BrazilandCapeVerde.Measurementsweretakenofthousandsofpointcoordinatesongridsplacedover3Dimagesofthefaces.Statisticalmethodswerethenusedtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenfacialdifferencesandtheeffectsofgenders,ethnicancestryandindividualgenevariants.1．Theunderlinedword“mugshots”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“________”．A．differentfacesB．characteristicsC．picturesoffacesD．genders2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．DNAhasbeenusedtobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface.B．ItmaybemucheasiertocatchcriminalswiththehelpofDNA.C．Inall,20geneshad“significanteffects”onfacialappearance.D．Onegenecanaffectmorethanonepartofyourface.3．AccordingtoProfessorMarkShriver,weknow________.A．theycanmerelymatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividualB．thereisapossibilityofgoingfromDNAtoafaceC．DNAcouldbeusedtoproducearoughimageofanoffender'sfaceD．thistechnologyismorereliablethancomputergenerated“Efits”4．Whatisthemostpossibletitleofthepassage?A．CreatingadatabankofDNAB．RecognizingtheDNAofcriminalsC．PredictingthelocationsofoffencesusingDNAD．Buildingupanimageofanoffender'sfacefromDNA(二)TheextraordinaryEastgateBuildinginHarare,Zimbabwe'scapitalcity,issaidtobetheonlyoneintheworldtousethesamecoolingandheatingprinciplesasthetermitemound(白蚁堆)．ArchitectMickPearceusedpreciselythesamestrategywhendesigningtheEastgateBuilding,whichhasnoairconditioningandalmostnoheating.Thebuilding—thecountry'slargestcommercialandshoppingcomplex—useslessthan10%oftheenergyofaconventionalbuildingofitssize.TheEastgate'sownerssaved3.5millionona36millionbuildingbecauseairconditio...