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第1页共46页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共46页PeterAbelard:HistoriaCalamitatumTheStoryofMyMisfortunestranslatedbyHenryAdamsBellowsPeterAbelard(1079-1142)wasoneofthegreatintellectualsofthe12thcentury,withespecialimportanceinthefieldoflogic.HistendencytodisputationisperhapsbestdemonstratedbyhisbookSicetNon,alistof一五8philosophicalandtheologicalquestionsaboutwhichthereweredividedopinions.Thisdialecticalmethodofintellectualreflection--alsoseeninGratian'sapproachtocanonlaw--wastobecomeanimportantfeatureofwesterneducationanddistinguishesitsharplyfromotherworldculturessuchasIslamandtheConfucianworld.Abelard'smistakewastoleavethequestionsopenfordiscussionandsohewasrepeatedlychargedwithheresy.ForalongperiodallhisworkswereincludedinthelaterIindexofForbiddenBooks.ThetextheregivesagoodaccountofAbelard'spugnaciousness.HeisperhapsasfamoustodayforhisloveaffairwithHeloise(1100/01-1163/4)anditsdisastrousconsequences,whichresultedinhergivingbirthtoson(calledAstrolabe),toAbelard'scastrationbyHeloise'sangryrelatives,andtoboththeirretreatstomonasticlife.Heloisewasoneofthemostliteratewomenofhertime,andanableadministrator:asaresulthermonasticcareerwasnotablysuccessful.Abelard,aintellectualjousterthroughouthislifewasnotablylesshappyasamonk.Heincurredthedispleasureandenmityofabbots,bishops,hisownmonks,anumberofChurchcouncilsandSt.BernardofClairvaux.ThelastmonthsofhislifewerespentundertheprotectionofPetertheVenerableofCluny,wherehedied.ThetombofAbelardandHeloisecannowbevisitedinthePéreLachaisecemeteryinParis.TheHistoriaCalamitatum,althoughintheliteraryformofaletter,isasortofautobiography,withdistinctechoesofAugustine'sConfessions.Itisoneofthemostreadabledocumentstosurvivefromtheperiod,andaswellaspresentingaremarkablyfrankself-portrait,isa第2页共46页第1页共46页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共46页valuableaccountofintellectuallifeinParisbeforetheformalizationoftheUniversity,oftheintellectualexcitementoftheperiod,ofmonasticlifeandofalovestorythatinsomerespectsdeservesitslongreputation.HistoriaCalamitatumFOREWORDOFTENtheheartsofmenandwomenarestirred,aslikewisetheyaresoothedintheirsorrowsmorebyexamplethanbywords.Andtherefore,becauseItooIhaveknownsomeconsolationfromspeechhadwithonewhowasawitnessthereof,amInowmindedtowriteofthesufferingswhichhavesprungoutofmymisfortunes,fortheeyesofonewho,thoughabsent,isofhimselfeveraconsoler.ThisIdosothat,incomparingyoursorrowswithmine,youmaydiscoverthatyoursareintruthnought,oratthemostbutofsmallaccount,andsoshallyoucometobearthemmoreeasily.CHAPTERIOFTHEBIRTHPLACEOFPIERREABELARDANDOFHISPARENTSKNOW,then,thatIamcomefromacertaintownwhichwasbuiltonthewayintolesserBrittany,distantsomeeightmiles,asIthink,eastwardfromthecityofNantes,andinitsowntonguecalledPalets.Suchisthenatureofthatcountry,or,itmaybe,ofthemwhodwellthere--forintruththeyarequickinfancy--thatmymindbentitselfeasilytothestudyofletters.Yetmore,Ihadafatherwhohadwonsomesmatteringoflettersbeforehehadgirdedonthesoldier'sbelt.Andsoitcameaboutthatlongafterwardshislovethereofwassostrongthathesawtoitthateachsonofhisshouldbetaughtinlettersevenearlierthaninthemanagementofarms.Thusindeeddiditcometopass.AndbecauseIwashisfirstborn,andforthatreasonthemoredeartohim,hesoughtwithdoublediligencetohavemewiselytaught.Formypart,themoreIwentforwardinthestudyoflett...