八年级英语上册 如何学好宾语从句-资料及导学案 人教新目标版VIP免费

如何学好宾语从句？一、宾语从句的概念与位置：所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。1）动词之后：Hesaysthathecan’tcometomorrow.2)介词之后：Sheisn’tinterestedinwhatheisdoing.3）间接宾语之后:Canyoutellmewhoheis?4）形容词之后:I’mafraidheisill.二、宾语从句的连词1）宾语从句为陈述句。由that引导，这时that没有词义，只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。eg.Hesays,“IamAmerican.”→Hesays(that)heis15yearsold.Shesaid,“shewantstogohome.”→Shesaid(that)shewantedtogohome.2）宾语从句为一般疑问句时，由连词if或whether引导eg.HashebeentoJapan?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowif/whetherhehasbeentoJapan?Canyouhelpme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.3）宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，由连接代词或连接副词引导，这时连词有词义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：what,who,whom,whose,which;连接副词有:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howold,howlongetc.eg.Whataretheydoing?Canyoutellus?→Canyoutelluswhattheyaredoing?（在宾语从句中作宾语）Whosepencilisthis?Wedon’tknow→Wedon’tknowwhosepencilthisis.（whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语）Whowasthetallestinourclass?Sheasked.→Sheaskedwhowasthetallestinourclass.（作主语）Whendoesthetrainarrive?Wedon’tknow.→Wedon’tknowwhenthetrainarrives.（作时间状语）HowcanIgettothepostoffice?Pleasetellme→PleasetellmehowIcangettothepostoffice.（作方式状语）Howoldisshe?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowhowoldsheis?（作表语)三、宾语从句的语序陈述句语序：主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子宾语从句四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致1、当主句为现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，可用所需的任何时态，如：LilyhasgonetoBeijing.Ihear(that)Jimarrivedtwodaysago.Shewillgotherebyplane.2、当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态，即：一般现在时～一般过去时一般过去时～过去完成时现在进行时～过去进行时一般将来时～过去将来时现在完成时～过去完成时过去进行时～过去进行时过去完成时～过去完成时1)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaid（that）theyhopedso.2)Jeansaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Jeansaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.3)Shesaid,“Itoldherthenewsyesterday.”→Shesaidshehadtoldherthenewsthedaybefore.3.比较：1)Hesays,“Iam15yearsold.”→Hesays(that)heis15yearsold.Hesaid,“Iam15yearsold.”→Hesaid(that)hewas15yearsold.2)Lucysays,’’IliveinChongqing.’’→Lucysays(that)shelivesinChongqing.Lucysaid,’’IliveinChongqing.’’→Lucysaid(that)shelivedinChongqing.五、注意：1、主句：过去时态宾语从句说明的是客观真理或客观事实时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，即时态不变。eg.Ourteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.我们老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转月球绕着地球转。2、主句：宾语从句中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语：时态不变。eg.XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3、原句如果是祈使句，要改为“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth句型。eg.1)“Don’tmakeanynoise.”shesaidtothechildren→.Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.2)“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.4、宾语从句的否定：一般情况下，宾语从句的否定与一般句子的否定一样，但动词think,believe，suppose等后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的否定通常前移至主句中eg.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。eg.Wedon’tbelieveshecanswim.我们相信她不会游泳。5、宾语从...