Module5EthnicCulture-Section1BackgroundReadings素材PartTwoTeachingResources第二部分教学资源Section1BackgroundReadingsforModule5EthnicCulture1.TheJinuoEthnicGroup:TheJinuoEthnicGroupismadeupofaround18,000peoplewholiveintheJinghongareaofYunnan.TheirlanguageisaChinese-Tibetanlanguagewithnowrittenscript,buttheymostlyspeakChinesetoday.Theylivebyfarming,andfishing,andtheygrowmainlyrice,maizeandtea.Riceandmaize,alongwithbeans,aretheirstaplefoods;theyeatthreemealsaday,withlunchbeingtakenontheirfarmland.Theyliveinlargehousesmadeofbambooonmountainslopes.About20or30familiesliveontheupperfloorofthesamehouse,keepingtheiranimalsonthegroundfloor.Thewomenwearcolorfuljacketsandshortblackskirts,whilethemenwearashortwhitejacketandwhiteorbluetrousers.Theyareknownasgoodsingersanddancers,andthedrumisaveryimportantinstrumentforthem.InDecembertheyhaveaspecialSun-drumDance,whenolderpeopleplayaspecialdrumandothersdancearounddrum.2.EthnicMinoritiesintheUK:ImmigrationfromcountrieswhichwereformerBritishcoloniesmeansthattherearemanyotherethnicgroupsintheUK.Thesearethefiguresfromthe2001censsus(published2003).TotalUKpopulation:58,789,194.Ethnicgroups:White:92.1%,Mixed:1.2%,Asian/AsianBritish:4.0%,Black/BlackBritish:1.8%,Chinese:0.4%,other:0.6%.3.Naxi:Withapopulationofabout278009(asof1990),theNaxiethnicgroupmainlyliveinconcentratedcommunitiesintheNaxiAutonomousCountyofLijiangintheYunnanProvince,andtherestarescatteredthroughouttheneighboringcountiesinYunnanProvince,aswellasYanyuan,YanbianandMulicountiesinSichuanProvince.ThereisalsoasmallnumberlivingintheMangkangCountyintheTibetAutonomousRegion.TheNaxiethnicminorityhasitsownlanguagewhichbelongstotheYibranchofTibeto-BurmanAustronesianoftheChinese-TibetanPhylum.TheancientNaxipeoplecreatedpictographiccharacterscalledthe“Dongba”scriptandasyllabicwritingknownasthe“Geba”script.However,theyweredifficulttomaster,andin1957thegovernmenthelpedtheNaxidesignanalphabeticscript.DuetoclosecontactwiththeHanpeopleoverthepastseveralhundredyears,theNaxipeoplealsousetheoralandwrittenChinesetocommunicate.Accordingtohistoricaldocuments,theforefathersoftheNaxipeoplewerecloselyrelatedtoatribecalled“MaoniuYi”intheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD),“MoshaYi”intheJinDynasty(265-420)and“MoxieYi”intheTangDynasty(618-907).TheNaxisalsohadanumberofothernames.In1278,theYuanDynastyestablishedLijiangPrefecturerepresentingtheimperialcourtinYunnanProvince.AfterthefoundingofthePRCin1949,followingconsultationwiththeethnicminority,itagreedupontheofficialnameofNaxiethnicminority.AgricultureisthemainoccupationoftheNaxipeople,togetherwithstockbreedingandhandicraftindustry.ThebanksoftheJinshaRiverareheavilyforested,andYulongMountainisknownathomeandabroadasa“florastorehouse”.TheextensivedenseforestscontainChinesefir,Koreanpine,Yunnanpineandothervaluabletrees,aswellasmanyvarietiesofherbs.Naxiliteratureisrichinformandcontent.TheDongbascriptcreatedintheseventhcenturybytheNaxipeopleistheonlypictographiccharactersextantintheworld.TheDongbaScripture,areligiousworkwritteninthepictographicscript,describesthevariousaspectsoflifeoftheNaxipeopleduringtheirlongtransitionfromslaverytofeudalism.ItisextremelyimportantforthestudyofNaxiliterature,historyandreligion.MostNaxipeoplewerefollowersoftheDongbareligion,whichisaformofShamanism.Lamaism,Buddhism,TaoismandChristianityonlyhavelimitedaccesstotheLijiangarea.Thetr...
