Module6TheWorld’sCulturalHeritagegrammar■Goals●Tomastertheusageofthesubjunctivemood●Toconsolidatebypractising■ProceduresStep1:Subjunctive1.虚拟语气英语中动词一般有三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气,不同的语气用不同的形式来表示。陈述语气:用来陈述事实,描述状态,有肯定,否定,疑问,或感叹等形式。如:Peopledon’thibernate./Areyoulisteningtotheradio?祈使语气:用来表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等。如:Sitdown,please./Letmehaveatry.虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设,一般用于正式的书面语。2.虚拟语气的用法:1)虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:1表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:非真实条件句主句动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)would{should,could,might}+动词原形Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldconsidertheirplan.IfIknewthistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.注意:should多用于第一人称后。在非正式场合中,特别是在口语中,第一、二人称中单数现在用was的也不少。Ifhewashere,wecouldaskhim.2表示和过去事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:用心爱心专心非真实条件句主句had+过去分词would{should,could,might}+havedoneIfhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youmighthavemethim.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledyou.IfIhadn’ttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.Youwouldn’thavecaughtacoldifyouhadputonmoreclothes.3表示和将来事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldn’tgoout.IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifhegottherethisafternoon,hewouldbuyamapofthecity.IfIshouldbeasked/wereasked/weretobeaskedtogo,I’dcertainlygo.特别注意:1.如非真实条件句的谓语含有系动词were或助动词had或should等词,可将if省略,而把were,had或should放在主语之前,变为虚拟倒装句,这和带有if的虚拟条件从句所表示的含义完全相同。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.→WereIyou,Iwouldgetupearlyeverymorning.Hadyouarrivedatthestationtenminutesearlieryesterday,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.2.if虚拟句的省略。Givenenoughmoney,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.3.有时用介词短语代替虚拟语气的条件句。Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.没有水,鱼就不能活。4.ifonly要是,只要,但愿Ifonlywecouldseeeachotheronce!但愿我们能相见一次!IfonlyIhadlistenedtohisadvice!我要是听了他的劝告就好了!5.虚拟语气的混合条件句:即条件从句和主句时态不一致。用心爱心专心非真实条件句主句should/wereto+动词原形动词的过去时would{should,could,might}+动词原形“IfIhadmissed”saidWilliamTell,“andhadshottoolow,Iwasgoingtousethisarrowonyou.”Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyyesterday,youcouldanswerthequestionnow.2)虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法:I.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.wish+that从句,表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词所表示的动作表示的只是一种不能实现的愿望、要求。其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下表所述:用法形式例句表示对现在情况的虚拟wish+从句主语+动词过去式或wereIwishIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.IwishIwereasstrongasyou.表示对现在进行情况的虚拟wish+从句主语+weredoingIwishIweresleeping.Iwishitweren’training.表示对过去情况的虚拟wish+从句主语+had+过去分词Shesaidsomethingunpleasant.Shewishesshehadn’tsaidit.Iwishhehadgotthereaheadoftime.表示对将来情况的虚拟wish+从句主语+would+动词原形Iwishhewouldgetyoungerandyounger.Iwishhewouldbemorecareful.注意:表示对现在情况的虚拟时,从句的时态不根据前面谓语动词的时态变化而变化,而是依据从句的实际...