UNIT5SECTION3语法独立主格结构独立主格结构指带主语的动词分词、介词、或副词词组。何谓独立主格结构？它是指与主语之间无任何语法关系的名词或代词加上一个分词的结构。它不修饰单个的词，而修饰整个句子。独立主格结构可位于句子的任何部位。它构成一个单独实体，并具有如下两种功能：(1)解释原因或情景(2)提供主句中重点部分的相关细节。例Freuddistinguishedthreekindsofanxiety,eacharisingfromadifferentsourceofperceiveddanger."each"是独立主格结构，"arisingfrom"是动词短语。注意这个独立主格结构是一个"干巴巴"的句子。通过改变动词形式，它的面貌可焕然一新：Eacharisesfromadifferentsourceofperceiveddanger.再看以下例句Before:Hisnosewasrunningandhishandswereshaking.Heleftthetheaterlikethat.Interesting:Hisnoserunningandhishandsshaking,heleftthetheater.Before:Heisknownforhisbadtemper,soIfeartheencounter.Interesting:Ifeartheencounter,histemperbeingwhatitis.Plain:Iftheweatherisfavorabletomorrow,wewillspendtheentiredayclimbingHuangShan.Good:Weatherpermitting,wewillspendtheentiredaytomorrowclimbingHuangShan.Plain:Let'spraythattheSoutheastAsianeconomywillsoonreturntonormal.Good:TheSoutheastAsianeconomy,Godwilling,willsoonreturntonormal.Plain:EarlyradioreportsexaggeratedthesuccessoftheraidontheEmbassy.SomeevenindicatedthattheVietconghadoccupiedseveralfloorsofthebuilding.Better:EarlyradioreportsexaggeratedthesuccessoftheraidontheEmbassy,someevenindicatingthattheVietconghadoccupiedseveralfloorsofthebuilding.Plain:Eventhoughthedrugcontroversywasstillfesteringaroundhim,intheend,defendingAustralianOpenchampionPetrKordawalkedawaywithasalutetoacheeringcrowd.Better:Intheend,defendingAustralianOpenchampionPetrKorda,thedrugcontroversyaroundhimstillfestering,walkedawaywithasalutetoacheeringcrowd.有些短语在语法上可与它所在句中的其它成分分离。这种结构不修饰句子的任何一个词，而修饰句子的整体意思。分词连同它所修饰的名词或代词可构成独立主格结构。同位语和插入语有时也被认为是独立主格结构有用句型DuringtheearlyyearsoftheCulturalRevolution,driedmushroomsondinner用心爱心专心116号编辑tableswereanunheard-ofluxury,andporkchopsunthinkable.WeseeVanGoghintheroleofprophetin"SelfPortrait,"hisemaciated,luminousheadwithitsburningeyessetoffagainstawhirlpoolofdarkness.ProfessorWang'shandwritingwasprecise,fussy,spidery,hisnotepadpalemauve.(主语+系动词+形容词,+独立主格结构<主语+形容词>)用心爱心专心116号编辑
