Unit6LessismoreSectionADoorcloser,areyou?Backgroundinformation1XiangYuXiangYu(232BC-202BC)wasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.In207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu（巨鹿之战）againsttheQinarmies.AfterthefalloftheQinDynasty,XiangYuproclaimedhimself“Hegemon-KingofWesternChu”（西楚霸王）andruledavastareaoflandcoveringpartsofpresent-dayShanxi,Henan,Hubei,HunanandJiangsu.HeengagedLiuBang,thefoundingemperoroftheHanDynasty,inalongstruggleforpower,knownastheChu-HanContention（楚汉之争）thatconcludedwithhiseventualdefeatandsuicideatthebankoftheWuRiver.2theBattleofJuluThebattlewasfoughtinJulu(inpresent-dayXingtai,Hebei,现今的河北邢台)primarilybetweenforcesoftheQinDynastyandtheinsurgent（谋叛的）stateofChu.TheBattleofJulumarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.In207BC,XiangYu’sarmyadvancedtowardsJuluandsuccessfullycrossedtheZhangRiver（漳河）,whichseparatedthemfromJulu,toattacktheQinforces.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver,XiangYuorderedhismentosinkalltheirboatsandbreaktheircookingpots,leavingonlyathree-daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier.Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.XiangYu’sboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttodoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion.Afterninelongfiercebattles,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.ThebattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQinDynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”（破釜沉舟）.Thisidiomisnowusedtoindicateone’sfirmdeterminationtoachieveone’sgoalatanycost.3behavioraleconomicsBehavioraleconomicsisaninterdisciplinaryschoolsubjectofeconomicsandpsychology,whichstudiestheeffectofsocial,cognitiveandemotionalfactorsontheeconomicdecisionsofindividualsandinstitutions,andtheconsequencesformarketprices,returnsandresourceallocation.Detailedstudyofthetext1Thenexttimeyou’redecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:WhatwouldXiangYudo?(Para.1)Meaning:Thenexttimewhenyouaretomakeachoicebetweentwocompetingoptions,youhavetodistinguishwhichistheprimaryoneandwhichistheminorone.Tobeenlightened,youaskyourselfwhatoptionXiangYuwouldchoose.Meaningbeyondwords:ItsuggeststhatXiangYuwasawonderfuldecision-maker.Note:Thephraserivaloptionsmeansthatbothoptionsseemlikegoodchoice,butonechoiceissomewhatbetterthantheother.Inthiscase,itistheoneThatXiangYuchosetoimplement.rival:a.(onlybeforenoun)usedaboutapersonorgroupthatcompetesagainstsb.orsth.else竞争的；对抗的Fiercefightingbrokeoutbetweentherivalgroups.敌对集团之间爆发了激烈的战斗。n.[C]aperson,group,ororganizationthatyoucompetewithsport,business,afight,etc.对手；竞争者Havinggoodinternationalcontactsgivesthecompanyacompetitiveadvantageoveritsrivals.良好的国际社会关系使该公司具备了超过其对手的竞争优势。secondary:a.notasimportantassth.else次要的；从属的Ourfather’shealthiswhatmatters,andthecostofhistreatmentisifsecondaryimportance.我们父亲的健康是最重要的，他的治疗费用是次要的。2XiangYuwasaChineseimperialgeneralinthethirdcenturyBCwhotookhistroopsacrosstheZhangRiveronaraidintoenemyterritory.(Para.2)Meaning:XiangYuwasanancientChinesegeneralinthethirdcenturyBC.HeledhistroopsacrosstheZhangRivertoattacktheenemyinitsterritory.imperial:a.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtoanempireortothepersonwhorulesit帝国的；皇帝的Inou...
