2020届高考化学练习实验设计与改进基础关（含答案）1．下列关于硫酸铜晶体中结晶水含量测定的操作要求，错误的是（）A．硫酸铜晶体要慢慢加热B．加热后的无水硫酸铜要在干燥器中冷却C．需要进行恒重操作D．恒重操作后无需另取晶体再做一次测定【答案】D2．用标准盐酸滴定未知浓度的NaOH溶液时，不会引起实验误差的是（）A．用蒸馏水洗净滴定管后，装入标准盐酸进行滴定B．用蒸馏水洗净锥形瓶后，用NaOH溶液润洗，然后装入NaOH溶液进行滴定C．用滴定管取10.00mLNaOH溶液放入锥形瓶中，再加适量蒸馏水，然后滴定D．改用量筒量取10.00mLNaOH溶液，放入锥形瓶后，进行滴定【答案】C3．经过热重分析测得：CaCl2·6H2O在焙烧过程中，固体质量的减少值（纵坐标）随温度变化的曲线如图所示。则第一个相对稳定的物质的化学式是________。A．CaCl2·4H2OB．CaCl2·2H2OC．CaCl2·Ｈ2OD．CaCl2【答案】B4．取“侯氏制碱法”生产的纯碱样品5.500g，配成500mL溶液，取25mL溶液用0.1000mol/L的标准盐酸滴定（设其中的杂质不与盐酸反应），用酚酞作指示剂，三次滴定消耗盐酸的平均量为25.00mL。计算样品中纯碱的质量分数_______。（已知25℃时0.1mol/L的NaHCO3溶液的pH约为8.3）【答案】0.964（或96.4%）5．【含量测定】为了测定该纯碱样品的纯度（假定只有NaCl杂质），设计了如下实验：（1）甲组实验：取10.0g纯碱样品，向其中加入过量的盐酸，直至样品中无气泡冒出。充分加热蒸发所得物质并干燥、冷却至室温后称量，所得固体质量为10.9g。计算样品中碳酸钠的质量分数为____________；（结果保留3位小数）。210.0gC3.5g________________________186.7%2C62S2O32+I3S4O62+3I1_____________22.500gNa2S2O35H2O50mL10.00mL0.0500mol/LKI330.00123KI3/mL19.9820.02_______________________________________Na2S2O3?5H2O(248)4_______________________1Na2S2O3O220.992099.20%7CuSO4+2NaOHCu(OH)2+Na2SO410.1000gCuSO4?5H2O0.1000mol/L28.00mL0.1000mol/L20.16mL0.1000gCuSO4?5H2O___________g2___________________________________________3CuSO4?5H2O______________________4l.040gCuSO4?5H2O1.015g1.000g______________________10.098041234-1.5%-1.48%8Na2S2O5SO21I225.00mL(SO2)____________g-12HI____10.1629CO2AA0.736g100mL20.00mL0.1000mol/L________________________A10.000g___________________3A26.31010MnSO42OMnxO4MnSO42OA___________________MnxO4x=___________MnSO4311BABA1________________________2ag20mL400600800100200/mg/101.490.6045.80ABVLH2__________L____________3C________________________________________________12V22.4a56100%22.4aV3CD12PAC[Al2(OH)nCl6-nxH2O]mn_________1.020g_______________AgNO33.157gPACn___________Al2O33.813YYng______________mg_________mnNaOH17nm2614ClO2KI3mL10mLClO2KI2ClO2+10I+8H+2Cl+5I2+4H2O0.100mol/LNa2S2O3I2+2S2O322I+S4O6220.00mLNa2S2O3___________ClO2___________g/L2.7g/L15AlCl3Al2(OH)nCl6-nn3.490g0.1120molHNO3100mL1Al2O31.020g___________________________________________________________Al(OH)3Al2O3_______aAl(OH)3bAl2O3Al(OH)3cAl(OH)3d220.00mL0.1290mol/LNaOH0.00mL________mLAl2(OH)nCl(6-n)n_______12ad218.60516FeSO47H2O100FeSO47H2O99.50100.599.00100.598.00101.0FeSO47H2O5Fe2MnO48H5Fe3Mn24H2O2MnO45C2O4216H2Mn210CO28H2O1L0.200gNa2C2O4134.070801____________________2________________________________________________3___________429.50mLc(KMnO4)________mol/L5FeSO47H2O0.506g1234V()/mL()0.100.200.000.20V()/mL()17.7617.8818.1617.90FeSO47H2O___________699.80%=____%_________________11KMnO4192Mn2Mn2340.02024598.30%6-1.5%17NaNO2NaNO35NO2+2MnO4+6H+5NO3+3Mn2++3H2OMnO45Fe28HMn2+5Fe34H2O12.300gA100mL10.00mLA24.00mL0.0500mol/L0.1000mol/L(NH4)2Fe(SO4)23(NH4)2Fe(SO4)210.00mLNaNO2_________2NaNO2_________abAKMnO4c(NH4)2Fe(SO4)21752bc18(FeSO47H2O),KMnO4250mL25.00mL0.0100mol/LKMnO4KMnO4245FeMnO8H3+2+25FeMn4HO1250mL________________________________________________________________________2KMnO4___________________________________FeSO4Fe2O321ml___________________________3__________________________________________________4_____________________________________5_______ga1250mL30s23Fe2+4Fe2+Fe2+Fe3+Fe2O3Fe50.001g60.07a19CuSO4?5H2O1CuSO45H2O1()_____________________________________________________________________________2_______________3______________________________2CuSO45H2OCuSO4+2NaOHCu(OH)2+Na2SO4412.500g100mL25mL100mL0.2500mol/LCu2+()10ag1mLH2SO4XH2O20.5000mol/L10.00mL__________________________________________________________________5_________________________________________________________6CuSO45H2O________________________122:3341~2560.8
