“读后续写”专题余杭区教育局教研室周建林2018年10月12日《考试说明》中的要求•提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：•（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；•（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；•（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；•（4）上下文的连贯性。“读后续写”语篇的性质•故事语类•故事语类的特点：narrative;first/thirdpersonviewpoint;pastverbtenses;temporalsequence?;characters;setting;plot(events);doing,saying,thinking,feelingMartin的故事语类体系•Recount(讲述文)：个人经历和态度，无曲折结构成分：record•Anecdote(轶事文)：对奇异事件的情感反应结构成分：remarkableevent+emtionalreaction•Exemplum(说教文)：对曲折事件的道德判断结构成分：incident+interpretation•Observation(观察文)：对重要事件的个人评价结构成分：eventdescription+comment•Narrative(叙事文)：曲折事件中的问题解决结构成分：complication+evaluation+resolutionCharacteristicsofshortstories•Asaconcentratedformofnarrativeprosefiction,theshortstoryhasbeentheorisedthroughthetraditionalelementsofdramaticstructure:exposition背景信息(theintroductionofsetting,situationandmaincharacters),complication冲突(theeventthatintroducestheconflict),risingaction,crisis危机时刻(thedecisivemomentfortheprotagonistandhiscommitmenttoacourseofaction),climax高潮(thepointofhighestinterestintermsoftheconflictandthepointwiththemostaction)andresolution结局(thepointwhentheconflictisresolved).Becauseoftheirlength,shortstoriesmayormaynotfollowthispattern.(wikipedia)•Forexample,modernshortstoriesonlyoccasionallyhaveanexposition,moretypicallybeginninginthemiddleoftheaction(inmediasres).Aswithlongerstories,plotsofshortstoriesalsohaveaclimax,crisis,orturningpoint.However,theendingsofmanyshortstoriesareabruptandopenandmayormaynothaveamoralorpracticallesson.Aswithanyartform,theexactcharacteristicsofashortstorywillvarybycreator.(wikipedia)•Shortstoriestendtobelesscomplexthannovels.Usuallyashortstoryfocusesononeincident;hasasingleplot,asinglesetting,andasmallnumberofcharacters;andcoversashortperiodoftime.Themodernshortstoryformemergedfromoralstory-tellingtraditions,thebriefmoralisticnarrativesofparables寓言andfables神话,andtheproseanecdote轶事/趣闻allofthesebeingformsofaswiftlysketchedsituationthatquicklycomestoitspoint.(wikipedia)叙事语类的语篇模式•Labov's(1972,1981,1997)modelofnarrative:•abstract(概述)•orientation(故事要素)•complication(“曲折”)•resolution(结局)•evaluation(评价)•coda(“尾声”)TheFreitagTriangle•TheConflict-Crisis-ResolutionModel•Threekindsofconflict:managainstman,managainstnature,managainsthimself.ConflictCrisisResolutiomexpositionrisingactionfallingactionclimaxending好续写的标准•一、故事情节、人物情感发展合理、完整，并与给出部分一同表现主题。具体而言，遵守英语故事的基本模式。•二、语言风格与给出部分一致。最低要求是没有严重语法错误。较高要求是使用前文中的语法结构（句式）。用词（wording）与前文相配。叙述和评论比例恰当。理解所给语言材料•内容理解：1)plot/story(line);2)hiddenmeaning:theme(主题、话题),thesis(主题思想、主旨),lesson,point,truth,message•形式理解：1)要素？2)结构？Readbetweenthelinesandbeyondthelines.如何续写•设计（延续）情节：补充events，想好ending•衔接与连贯：1.逻辑；2.语言风格；3.主题(theme)；4.情感、态度；5.调子(tone)•草稿：1.根据设计好的事件选...
