1.cleanedtheblackboard2.closedthewindow————————————————→——→∣∣∣nowhadcleanedtheblackboardclosedthewindowShehadcleanedtheblackboardbeforesheclosedthewindow.Aftershehadcleanedtheblackboard,sheclosedthewindow.drankwaterhadrunoutofbreath1.ranoutofbreath2.drankwaterHehadrunoutofbreathbeforehedrankwater.Afterhehadrunoutofbreath,hedrankwater.————————————————→——→∣∣∣now1.ateanapple2.slept————————————————→——→∣∣∣nowhadeatenanapplesleptShehadeatenanapplebeforesheslept.Aftershehadeatenanapple,sheslept.2.playedpingpong1.didhishomework————————————————→——→∣∣∣nowplayedpingponghaddonehishomeworkHehaddonehishomeworkbeforeheplayedpingpong.Afterhehaddonehishomework,heplayedPingpong.Discussion:1.ThestructureofthePastperfecttense:（结构）2.ThedefinitionofthePastperfecttense:（定义）主语+had+动词的过去分词(p.p.)定义：强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。1.在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑板.LiLei______________(clean)theblackboardbeforetheteachercameintotheclassroom.hadcleaned2.当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。Thetrain__________(leave)whenwearrivedthere.hadleftWeuseittotalkaboutanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.构成：过去完成时的否定形式：过去完成时的疑问形式：肯定回答：否定回答：主语＋hadnot／hadn’t+p.p.+其它.Yes,主语+had.Had+主语＋p.p.+其它?No,主语+had+not.2.过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。常和by或since,for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用,但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照.1.他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.2.当Millie到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了.Hehadworkedinthatschoolforthreeyearsbeforehecametoourschool.ThefilmhadalreadybeenonforhalfanhourwhenMilliegottothecinema.4.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。1.她说她从来没有去过巴黎。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.2.我觉得我以前见过他。IthoughtthatIhadseenhimbefore.3.Tom说他借了这本书两周了。Tomsaidhehadborrowedthebookfor2weeks.kept5.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。1.结果比我们想象的要好。Theresultwasbetterthanwhatwehadexpected.2.我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.Morepractice•WhenIarrivedthere,they___________(leave)already.•Thefilm______________(start),whenwegottothecinema.•I___________(read)thebookbeforeIstartedschool.•Theythoughtthatthey___________(try)theirbest.•Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe__________________(passaway)beforeshewasborn.•I_______________(notrealize)shewasn’tChineseuntilshespoke.hadlefthadstartedhadreadhadtriedhadpassedawayhadn’trealized1.他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.2.当Millie到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了3.自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.4.到上学期末,我们已经学了4000多个单词.6.贝尔在30岁前发明了电话.7.在他搬进这个小区(residentialquarter)之前,那对夫妇已经在这儿住了三年了.1.他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年.2.当Millie到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了半个小时了.3.自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面.Hehadworkedinthatschoolforthreeyearsbeforehecametoourschool.ThefilmhadalreadybeenonforhalfanhourwhenMilliegottothecinema.Wehaven’tseeneachothersinceheleftNanjing.4.到上学期末,我们已经学历4000多个单词.Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearntover4,000words.5.我们完成这项工作比预料中的时间要早的多.6...
