UnitThreeUnitThreeConsonants:Consonants:Fricatives&AffricatesFricatives&AffricatesHomework:(TwoGroups)Homework:(TwoGroups)PronunciationinCommunicationPronunciationinCommunication---IntroducingOthers---IntroducingOthersWhattoLearn:Segments(3)WhattoLearn:Segments(3)ConsonantChartConsonantChartIntroductionIntroductionInthisunit,wewilllearnaboutfricativesInthisunit,wewilllearnaboutfricativesandaffricatesinEnglish.andaffricatesinEnglish.Ifthestopscompletelyblocktheair-Ifthestopscompletelyblocktheair-streamforatimeinthepronunciation,streamforatimeinthepronunciation,thefricativesonlypartiallyblockit,thusthefricativesonlypartiallyblockit,thuscausingthefriction-likenoisecausingthefriction-likenoisecharacteristicofthesesounds.Therecharacteristicofthesesounds.Thereareninefricativeconsonants,formingareninefricativeconsonants,formingthelargestsetofconsonantsinEnglish.thelargestsetofconsonantsinEnglish.IntroductionIntroduction摩擦音和破擦音摩擦音和破擦音如果说爆破音是让气流成阻，那么摩擦音就是如果说爆破音是让气流成阻，那么摩擦音就是部分地阻塞气流，发音时气流可以持续通过口部分地阻塞气流，发音时气流可以持续通过口腔形成缝隙的部位，伴随而来的是一种轻微的腔形成缝隙的部位，伴随而来的是一种轻微的摩擦声。摩擦声。摩擦音是英语辅音中数量最多的一类音，包括摩擦音是英语辅音中数量最多的一类音，包括//f,v,f,v,WW,,MM,s,z,,s,z,NN,,II,h/,h//t/tNN/and/d/and/dII//是破擦音。发音时，舌尖抵住是破擦音。发音时，舌尖抵住上齿龈后部，所产生的音既含上齿龈后部，所产生的音既含/t//t/与与/d//d/的爆破，的爆破，又含又含//NN//与与//II//的摩擦。的摩擦。""破擦音破擦音""这个词本这个词本身暗含身暗含""混合混合""之意，即由爆破音和摩擦音组之意，即由爆破音和摩擦音组成。前者是清辅音，后者是浊辅音成。前者是清辅音，后者是浊辅音../f/and/v//f/and/v//f/and/v//f/and/v/是一对是一对唇齿摩擦音唇齿摩擦音,,发音发音时时,,上齿轻触下唇上齿轻触下唇,,气流从唇齿间通气流从唇齿间通过时摩擦成音过时摩擦成音../f/and/v/arelabio-dent/f/and/v/arelabio-dentalsounds./f/isvoicelesalsounds./f/isvoicelessand/v/isvoiced.Thesand/v/isvoiced.Theyarefricativesoundsthyarefricativesoundsthatyouproducebyforcinatyouproducebyforcingthebreath-streambetgthebreath-streambetweenyouupperteethaweenyouupperteethandlowerlip.Theycanbndlowerlip.Theycanbeusedatthebeginning,eusedatthebeginning,middleandendofwordmiddleandendofwords.s.辅音辅音/f//f/ProducingsoundProducingsoundThe/f/soundismadebyclosingthemouthThe/f/soundismadebyclosingthemouthalmostalltheway.Thetopteetharealmostalltheway.Thetopteethareshownbitingdownonthelowerlip.Theshownbitingdownonthelowerlip.Thetongueisinthemiddleofthemouth.tongueisinthemiddleofthemouth.Airisblownthroughslowly.Airisblownthroughslowly./f/---Dialogue/f/---Dialogue““AtthePhotographer’sAtthePhotographer’s””Fred:IwantaFred:Iwantaphotographphotographofmyselfandmyofmyselfandmywifewife..Photographer:Photographer:FillFilloutthisoutthisformform,please.Wouldyou,please.Wouldyoupreferpreferafrontafrontphotographoraprofile?photographoraprofile?Fred:Afrontphotograph,don’tyouthink,Fred:Afrontphotograph,don’tyouthink,FranFran??Fran:Yes.Fran:Yes.FrontFront..Photographer:PleasesitonthisPhotographer:Pleasesitonthissofasofa.Areyou.Areyoucomfortablecomfortable??Fran:Yes.ThisisFran:Yes.Thisisfinefine..Photographer:Mr.Photographer:Mr.FullerFuller,giveahappy,giveahappylaughlaugh..Fred:That’sdifficult.IfyousaysomethingFred:That’sdifficult.Ifyousa...
