语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。陈述语气(theIndicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一个想法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.Whatalovelyday!Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetable.祈使语气(theImperativeMood)用来表示请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等.虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中);二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和主语从句中)。虚拟语气的概念注意:虚拟语气的表示通常是使用时态退后的原则.一、虚拟语气在if条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式did(动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词done主语+should,would,might,could+havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式did2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,wouldmight,could+动词原形IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld对现在的假设:Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.Ifthepolicewerehere,wewouldn’tbeworried.对过去的假设:Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldn’thavelosthislifeyesterday.举例:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhaveseenmelastnight.你若早一点来,就会看见我了.对将来的假设:Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.如果明天下雨,我们就不出去了.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你,我就会努力学习.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就给他打电话了.如果明天下雨的话,我们会取消比赛.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:IfIwentabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.IfIshouldgoaboard,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我去国外,我就去美国。使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句各自所表示的时间分别作出相应的调整.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadviceyesterday,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议,你现在就会好些了.如果你努力学习的话,你现在就会是大学生了.2.省略句在虚拟条件句中,可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式.IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.此种情况下句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Wereitnottoolate,Iwouldgowithyou.但不能说Weren’tittoolate,Iwouldgowithyou.注意:二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(1)用于宾语从句1、wish后面的宾语从句中。常表示一种不可能实现的或很难实现的愿望,意思是“要是…就好了”。其谓语动词形式为:表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could+动词原形shouldIwish(that)Iwereabird.(现在)Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.(过去)Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.(将来)Iwish(that)Icouldflytothemoonsomeday.(将来)2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个要求,四个建议。即1.insist(坚持)2.order,command(命令)3.demand,require,request(要求)4.advise,suggest,propose,recommend(建议)这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动...