博士生课程5(1)-细胞因子VIP免费

8-30KDCK-CKRsCytockinesarelow-molecular-weightregulatoryproteinsorglycoproteinssecretedbywhitebloodcellsandvariouscells(vascularendothelialcell,epidermiccellandfibroblast)inbodyinresponsetoanumberofstimuli.CytokineMjmacrophageIL-8CytokinescanCytokinescanexertdifferentexertdifferentactionsactionsIL-2Proliferation,survivalExample:ChemokinesLeukocyterecruitmentAcutephaseproteins,IL-6TNFIL-33Propertiesofcytokines细胞因子调节IgG类别转换多效性拮抗性重叠性协同性Cytokinesduringhematopoiesisinterleukin,IL（白细胞介素）colonystimulatingfactor,CSF（集落刺激因子）interferon,IFN（干扰素）tumornecrosisfactor,TNF（肿瘤坏死因子）Chemokine,CK（趋化因子）growthfactor,GF（生长因子）CytokinesCytokinesoftheinnateandadaptiveimmunesystemCytokinesofinnateimmunesystemTNF,IL-1andIL-6:pleiotropicmediatorsofinflammation(activatorsofendothelium,immunecells,liverandbrain)Chemokines:regulatorsofimmunecelladhesionatinfectionsitesIL-12:inducerofIFN-γ,increaseofcytotoxicactivityTypeIIFN:inducersofantiviralstateInterleukinInterleukinsaresecretedbysomeleukocytesandactuponactuponotherleukocytesotherleukocytes,IL-1~IL-35havebeenidentified.Interleukin-1,IL-1ThereleaseofTNF-bymacrophagesinduceslocalprotectiveeffects,butTNF-canhavedamagingeffectswhenreleasedsystemically(septicshock).Tumornecrosisfactor,TNFThecytokinesthatinducedirectlyapoptosisinducedirectlyapoptosisoftumorcellstumorcells,includingTNF,TNF(Lymphotoxin,LT）,FASL,CD70L,CD30L,CD40L,OX40L,TRAIL(TNFrelatedapoptosis-inducingligand)Chemokinechemokines,agroupoflow-molecular-weightcytokinesincludinginterleukin8,thataffectchemotaxisaffectchemotaxisandotheraspectsofleukocytebehavior.CX3CRCXCRCX3CCXCCK及CKR分类CCCCCRXCR1999年国际命名委员会根据CK的结构特征命名依据N端前两个半胱氨酸(Cys)的相对位置不同分为:•IL-12producedbymacrophagesanddendriticcellsisakeycytokinetofightintracellularmicrobes(bacteriaandviruses)•IL-12inducesIFN-γ,anactivatorofmacrophages(killingofphagocytosedmicrobes)andTh1celldifferentiation•IL-12alsoincreasescytotoxicactivityofCD8andNKcellsIL-12Thecytokinesthatresistviralinfection,andinterfereviralrepinterfereviralreplicationlication,includingIFN,IFN,IFNε,IFNω,IFNκ(typeI);IFN(typeII)typeIInterferonAntiviraleffectsofTypeIInterferons(IFN-/)IntegrativesignalingofcytokinesduringinnateimmuneresponsesCytokinesofadaptiveimmunesystemIL-2:prototypiclymphocytegrowthfactorIL-4:inducerofTh2cells,BcelldifferentitationfactorIFN-γ:inducerofTh1cellsIL-2(IL-2(又称又称TT细胞生长因子细胞生长因子,TCGF),TCGF)：：细胞来源：主要由T细胞产生。作用方式：以自分泌和旁分泌方式发挥效应。主要生物学功能：（1）活化T细胞，促进细胞因子产生；（2）刺激NK细胞增殖，增强NK杀伤活性及产生细胞因子；诱导LAK细胞产生（3）促进B细胞增殖和分泌抗体；（4）激活巨噬细胞。IL-4inducesIsotypeswitchingagainstextracellularpathogens,suchashelminthsandathropodesIL-4PleiotropicactivitiesofIFN-γIFN-γissecretedbyactivatedTcellsafterIL-12stimulationduringantimicrobialresponses(intracellularbacteriaandviruses)Th1cellshelpBcellsotypeswitchtoIgGforcomplementbindingandFc-bindingonphagocytesstrongmacrophageactivatorAnti-inflammatorycytokinesIL-10IL-10:counteractsIFN-γbyblockingIL-12productionbymacrophages,andexpressionofcostimulatorsandMHCIIIL-10-deficientmicedevelopinflammatoryboweldiseaseTr1TGF-βTGF-βissecretedbyregulatoryTcells(Th3)todecreaseimmunerespon...