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EnzymesAllchemicalreactionsconvertAllchemicalreactionsconvertreactantsreactantstotoproductsproducts..Ex.2Ex.2HClHCl+Mg+MgMgClMgCl22+H+H22EnzymesareaclassofEnzymesareaclassofproteinprotein..ThejobofanenzymeistoThejobofanenzymeistocatalyzeareaction(helpitgetcatalyzeareaction(helpitgetstarted)started)..EnzymeslowertheamountofenergyneededtogetEnzymeslowertheamountofenergyneededtogetthereactiongoing–thereactiongoing–activationenergy.activationenergy.ExamplesDNApolymerase–makesDNADNApolymerase–makesDNARennin–curdlesmilkproteinRennin–curdlesmilkproteinLipase–breaksdownfatsLipase–breaksdownfatsProtease–breaksdownproteinsProtease–breaksdownproteinsUsuallyendwith“Usuallyendwith“-ase-ase””Howdoenzymeswork?ThematerialthatanenzymeworksoniscalledaThematerialthatanenzymeworksoniscalledasubstrate.substrate.EnzymesworklikeaEnzymesworklikealockandkeylockandkey–musthaveright–musthaverightenzymeforeachsubstrate.enzymeforeachsubstrate.Howdoenzymeswork?TheTheactivesiteactivesiteontheenzymeiswhatbindstothesubstrate.ontheenzymeiswhatbindstothesubstrate.Whyenzymes?Whyenzymes?SpecificnessandReusingenzymesSpecificnessandReusingenzymesEnzymeShapeTheshapeofeachproteinisdeterminedbytheTheshapeofeachproteinisdeterminedbythesequencesequenceofofaminoaminoacidsacidsusedtomakethatprotein.usedtomakethatprotein.Justasforproteins,shapeisJustasforproteins,shapeisextremelyimportantextremelyimportant..Ifproteins/enzymesdon’thavethecorrectIfproteins/enzymesdon’thavethecorrecttemperaturetemperature,,pHpH,or,orsaltsaltconcentrationconcentration,theywilllosetheirshapeor,theywilllosetheirshapeordenaturedenatureandnotbeableandnotbeabletofunction.tofunction.DenaturingDenaturinghttp://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.htmlTutorialactivityCompetitiveInhibitionInaprocesscalledInaprocesscalledcompetitivecompetitiveinhibitioninhibition,molecules,moleculesthatfittheactivesitecanpreventtheenzymefromthatfittheactivesitecanpreventtheenzymefromworking.working.