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PROTEINSYNTHESISFourMainStages1.SynthesisofAminoacid2.Transcription(formationofRNA)3.Aminoacidactivation4.TranslationSynthesisofAminoacidINPLANT•occursinmitochondriaandchloroplastsSynthesisofAminoacidNITRATEAMINOGROUPSREDUCTIONAMINOACIDSCOMBINATIONWITHACARBONSKELETONSynthesisofAminoacidINANIMAL•aminoacidsaremostlyobtainedthroughtheirfoodsupply•someaminoacidscanbesynthesizedinsidetheirbodyTRANSCRIPTIONTCATGATTAAGTACAAATTranscriptiontakesplaceinsidethenucleus.PartofaDNAunwinds.AGTACAAATAGCUGACGGUUUOnlyonestrandactsasatemplate.AUG启始密码AGTACAAATAGCUGACGGUUUExposedbaseattractscomplementaryRNA.RNAPOLYMERASEAGTACAAATAGCGACGGUUUUTheenzymeRNApolymeraseaddsonecomplementaryRNAnucleotidetotheexistingone.AGTACAAATAGCGACGGUUUUTheenzymeRNApolymerasemovesalongtheDNA.AGTACAAATGCGACGGUUUUATheenzymeRNApolymerasemovesalongtheDNA.AGTACAAATGCGACGUUGUUAComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGCGACGUGUUAUComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGCGACGGUUAUUComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGCGACGGUUAUUAComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGCGCGGUUAUUAUComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGGCGGUUAUUAUCComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATGGCGGUUAUUAUCComplementaryRNAnucleotideisaddedtothegrowingchainofmRNAonebyone.AGTACAAATUCAUGAUUAmRNACYTOLPLASMmRNAleavesthenucleusthroughthenuclearpore.NUCLEOPLASMNuclearporeAGTACAAATUCAUGAUUAmRNAmRNAleavesthenucleusthroughthenuclearpore.CYTOLPLASMNUCLEOPLASMUCAUGAUUAmRNACODONCODONCODONAMINOACIDACTIVITIONAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineTRANSFERRNAAMINOACIDSAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineAminoacidscombinewiththetRNAsusingtheenergyfromthesplittingofADP.AAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineAminoacidscombinewiththetRNAsusingtheenergyfromthesplittingofADP.AAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineANTICODONTRANSLATIONUCAUGAUUAmRNACYTOLPLASMUCAUGAUUAAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidRIBOSOMEmRNAattachestotheribosome.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidComplementaryanticodonofthetRNAisattractedtothecodonofthemRNA.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucine亮氨酸ACUAsparticAcid天冬AUGThreonine异亮ComplementaryanticodonofthetRNAisattractedtothecodonofthemRNA.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreoninePeptidebondformsbetweenthetwoadjacentaminoacids.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineRibosomemovesalongthemRNA.AnothercomplementarytRNAisattractedtothecodon.ThefirsttRNAisreleasedbacktocytoplasm.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucine苯丙氨酸ACUAsparticAcid天冬氨酸AUGThreonine异亮氨酸Aminoacidislinkedtothepreviousaminoacidswithpeptidebond.UCAUGAUUAAAULeucineACUAsparticAcidAUGThreonineAtripetideisformed.UCAUGAUUAAAUACUAUGLeucineAsparticAcidThreoninemRNAandtripeptidearereleasedtocytoplasm.UAA终止密码SCIENCESECTIONCURRICULUMDEVELOPMENTINSTITUTEEDUCATIONDEPARTMENT