定语从句用that引导的几种情况that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。一、that指代某物事时1.先行词为all,few,little,much,theone,something,anything,everything,nothing等时。如:(1)We’lldoallthatwecantoprotecttheendangeredplantsandanimals.我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。(2)ThereismuchthatIwantotellyou.我有很多想要告诉你的话。(3)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么我可以帮你的吗?2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,(a)few,(a)little,much等限定词修饰时。如:(4)Youcanborrowanybookthatyouwanttoreadinourschoollibrary.在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:(5)ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatI’veeverseen.这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修饰时。如:(6)Thisistheveryfactorythattheyvisitedlastsummerholiday.这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。(7)Thisistheonlypaintinginthisstylethatwehave.这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:(8)Hetalkedhappilyofthewriterandhisbooksthatinterestedhim.6.先行词前有thesame修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:(9)ThisisthesamepursethatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用thesame…as….如:(10)ThisisthesamepurseasIlostyesterday.这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。7.先行词为数词时。(11)Lookatthebooksonthebookshelf.Youcanseethetwothatyouboughtmeformybirthday.瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:(12)Theybuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。(13)Whichisthebusthatyouwilltake?你要乘的是哪一班车?10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:(14)Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。11.关系代词在therebe句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:(15)Thisisthefastesttrain(that)therehaseverbeen.这是有史以来最快的列车。二、that指代某人时。1.泛指某人时。如:(16)Heisamanthatisneverataloss.他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:(17)Whoisthepersonthatistalkingwithourheadmaster?和我们校长说话的那人是谁?3.先行词前有thesame时。如:(18)Thisisthesamemanthatgaveusatalklastyear.这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:(19)Hehaschanged.Hewasnottheman(that)hewas10yearsago.他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when,where,why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day,year,time,moment,reason,place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:(20)I’llneverforgettheday(that)IjoinedtheLeague.我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。(21)Isthisthereason(that)theywerelateforthemeeting?这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?(22)Wewanttofindaplace(that)wecanhaveapicnic.我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。(23)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenabroadfortraveling.这是我第一次到国外去旅游。(注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)当先行词为表示方式的词theway时,可用that引导定语从句,that常可以省略。(24)Idon’tthewayyouspeaktoher.我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。巩固练习:1.Thisisthesamebook______Ilosttheotherday.There’smynameonit.A.thatB.asC./D.which2.Ihopethatthelittle_______Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when3.Thefirstplace______thechildrenweretakentoseewastheirworkshop.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where4.Tellmeeverything_________youknow.A.whichB.aboutthatC.aboutwhichD.that5.Thisisthebiggestlibrary______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that6.Thisistheveryperson_______Iamlookingfor.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom7.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_________hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich8.Thisisall________Icandoforyou.A.whichB.whatC.itD./9.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuch_______amuseschildren.A.whatB.thatC.whoseD.towhich10.Thereisnothingabouthim________Iknowof.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.who参考答案:1~5ACADD6~10BADBA