定语从句用that引导的几种情况that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下，一般用that。一、that指代某物事时1.先行词为all,few,little,much,theone,something,anything,everything,nothing等时。如：（1）We’lldoallthatwecantoprotecttheendangeredplantsandanimals.我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。(2)ThereismuchthatIwantotellyou.我有很多想要告诉你的话。(3)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么我可以帮你的吗？2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,(a)few,(a)little,much等限定词修饰时。如：(4)Youcanborrowanybookthatyouwanttoreadinourschoollibrary.在我们图书馆，你可以借任何你想读的书。3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：（5）ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatI’veeverseen.这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修饰时。如：（6）Thisistheveryfactorythattheyvisitedlastsummerholiday.这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。（7）Thisistheonlypaintinginthisstylethatwehave.这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。5.先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如：（8）Hetalkedhappilyofthewriterandhisbooksthatinterestedhim.6.先行词前有thesame修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如：（9）ThisisthesamepursethatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用thesame…as….如：（10）ThisisthesamepurseasIlostyesterday.这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。7.先行词为数词时。（11）Lookatthebooksonthebookshelf.Youcanseethetwothatyouboughtmeformybirthday.瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如：（12）Theybuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.他们建了一工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。（13）Whichisthebusthatyouwilltake?你要乘的是哪一班车？10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如：（14）Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。11.关系代词在therebe句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如：（15）Thisisthefastesttrain(that)therehaseverbeen.这是有史以来最快的列车。二、that指代某人时。1.泛指某人时。如：（16）Heisamanthatisneverataloss.他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如：（17）Whoisthepersonthatistalkingwithourheadmaster?和我们校长说话的那人是谁？3.先行词前有thesame时。如：（18）Thisisthesamemanthatgaveusatalklastyear.这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：（19）Hehaschanged.Hewasnottheman(that)hewas10yearsago.他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when,where,why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day,year,time,moment,reason,place等作先行词时，可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：（20）I’llneverforgettheday(that)IjoinedtheLeague.我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。（21）Isthisthereason(that)theywerelateforthemeeting?这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗？（22）Wewanttofindaplace(that)wecanhaveapicnic.我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。（23）ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenabroadfortraveling.这是我第一次到国外去旅游。（注：先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时，常用that引导定语从句或者省略。）当先行词为表示方式的词theway时，可用that引导定语从句,that常可以省略。（24）Idon’tthewayyouspeaktoher.我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。巩固练习：1.Thisisthesamebook______Ilosttheotherday.There’smynameonit.A.thatB.asC./D.which2.Ihopethatthelittle_______Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when3.Thefirstplace______thechildrenweretakentoseewastheirworkshop.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where4.Tellmeeverything_________youknow.A.whichB.aboutthatC.aboutwhichD.that5.Thisisthebiggestlibrary______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that6.Thisistheveryperson_______Iamlookingfor.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom7.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_________hesaidit.A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich8.Thisisall________Icandoforyou.A.whichB.whatC.itD./9.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuch_______amuseschildren.A.whatB.thatC.whoseD.towhich10.Thereisnothingabouthim________Iknowof.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.who参考答案：1～5ACADD6～10BADBA
