句子成分句子成分英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）表语（predicative）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)补足语(complement）同位语（appositive）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句皆可做主语。1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendshere.3)Ihavetriedthiswaythreetimes.4)WeshouldpayattentiontotheEnglishidioms.5)Heisworkinginthegarden.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.（名词）2)Heisalwayscareless.（形容词）3)Thebasketballmatchison.（副词）4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.（介词短语）5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.（不定式）6)HisworkisteachingFrench.（动名词短语）7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.（从句）宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.（双宾语）2)Themedicineisgoodforthisboy.3)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之后。Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.（双宾语）me间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。anovel直接宾语表示动作的直接承受者或结果。定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。①Maryisachemistryteacher.（名词作定语）②Heisourfriend.（代词作定语）③Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词作定语）④Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词作定语）⑤Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词作定语)⑥Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词短语作定语)⑦TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词短语作定语）⑧Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词作定语）⑨Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式作定语）⑩YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句作定语）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.（副词）2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.（介词短语）3)Arrivingthere,callmeup.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.6)Heisveryhandsome.补足语：用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词作宾补）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词作宾补）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词作宾补)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语作宾补）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式名词作宾补）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式名词作宾补）Don’tkeepthefireburning.（现在分词名词作宾补）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词名词作宾补）双宾语和宾补的区...
