名词复数的不规则变化①内部元音字母发生变化。如：foot—feet足man—men男人mouse—mice鼠woman—Women女人policeman—policemen警察tooth—teeth牙齿②词尾发生变化。如：ox—oxen公牛child—children孩子③有个别名词单复数形式一样。如：deer—deer鹿fish—fish鱼sheep—sheep羊means—means方法works—works工厂④表示“某国人”的单、复数变化单复数同形。如：Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人Swiss—Swiss瑞士人词尾加-s。如：German—Germans德国人Russian—Russians俄罗斯人Roman—Romans罗马人American—Americans美国人Australian—Australians澳大利亚人Indian—Indians印度人变man为men。如：Frenchman—Frenchmen法国人Englishman—Englishmen英国人⑤复合名词的复数变化把复合词中的主体变复数。如：ason-in-lawsons-in-law女婿apasser-bypassers-by过路人alooker–onlookers–on旁观者如没有主体名词，则在词尾加-s。如：agrown-upgrown-ups成年人ago-betweengo-betweens中间人分开写者，通常在第二部分词尾加复数。如：aboystudentboystudents男学生agirlfriendgirlfriends女朋友但第一部分为，时，两部分皆变复数。如：amanteachermenteachers男教师awomandoctorwomendoctors女医生或女博士常用不规则动词过去式、过去分词表am,iswasbeen是givegavegiven给seesawseen看arewerebeen是gowentgone去sellsoldsold卖beatbeatbeat,战胜growgrewgrown生长sendsentsent送becomebecamebecome变成have,hashadhad有setsetset设定beginbeganbegun开始hearheardheard听到shakeshookshaken握手blowblewblown吹hidehidhidden隐藏shallshould将要breakbrokebroken打碎hithithit打击shineshinedshined照耀bringbroughtbrought带来holdheldheld保持shootshotshot发射buildbuiltbuilt建造hurthurthurt伤害showshowedshowed,显现buyboughtbought买keepkeptkept保持shutshutshut关闭cancould可以knowknewknown知道singsangsung唱catchcaughtcaught抓住laylaidlaid放置sinksank,sunksunk沉没choosechosechosen选择leadledled带领sitsatsat坐comecamecome来learnlearnedlearned学习sleepsleptslept睡觉costcostcost花费leaveleftleft离开smellsmelledsmelled嗅cutcutcut剪切lendlentlent借给speakspokespoken讲dealdealtdealt经营letletlet让spendspentspent度过digdugdug挖掘lielay,liedlain,lied躺下standstoodstood站立do/doesdiddone做loselostlost丢失stealstolestolen偷drawdrewdrawn画makemademade制造sweepsweptswept打扫dreamdreamed,dreamed,做梦maymight能够swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk喝meanmeantmeant意思taketooktaken拿drivedrovedriven驾驶meetmetmet遇见teachtaughttaught教eatateeaten吃mistakemistookmistaken误解telltoldtold告诉fallfellfallen落下oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头thinkthoughtthought想feelfeltfelt感觉paypaidpaid支付throwthrewthrown扔fightfoughtfought战斗putputput放置under-standunder-stoodunder-stood懂findfoundfound找到readreadread读wakewoke,woken,唤醒fleefledfled逃走rideroderidden骑乘wearworeworn穿戴flyflewflown飞ringrangrung包围willwould将forgetforgotforgotten忘记riseroserisen上升winwonwon赢freezefrozefrozen冷冻runranrun跑writewrotewritten写getgotgot,到达saysaidsaid说动词第三人称单数变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加―S‖在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops[s]make－makes[s]2、以辅音字母加―y‖结尾的，要先将―y‖变为―i‖，然后在加―es‖读[iz]如：fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]3、以―s,x,ch,sh‖结尾的，在词尾加―es‖，发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]4、以―o‖结尾的动词，加―es‖，读[z]如：go－goes[z]动词变现在分词的变化规则:1.直接在动词原形后面加-ing。如：read–readingcook–cookingtalk–talking2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词把e去掉加-ing。如：write→writingmake→making3.以一个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如：run→runningcut→cuttingswim→swimming动词的过去式及过去分词的构成：①规则动词的变化：一般动词词尾加-edlook-looked,looked以e结尾词尾加-dlive-lived,lived以―辅音字母+Y‖结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry-carried,carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped,stopped
