Chapter1.Introduction1.Whatareelectronicmaterials?2.Whatarethefunctionalelectronicmaterials?3.Whatarethebasicrequirementsofmodernsocietytoelectronicmaterials?1.2.3.4.5.6.4.Whatisthefuturedirectionforthedevelopmentofadvancedelectronicmaterials?5.Whatisooresla?4Chapter2.Elementarymaterialsscienceconcepts1.Pleaseexplaintheshellmodelofatomicstructureandsketchthatforsodium.核电荷数。电子：质量极小，带负电，在原子中绕电子核旋转。核外电子排布：泡利不相容定理、能量最低原理、洪特定理。11ProtonsKshell(n=1)Lshell(n=2)Mshell(n=3)bondingbetweentwoatom2.Whatstheforcebetweenthetwoatomswhentheirseparationisaboethebondlength,equaltothebondlengthandbelowthebondlength?Whatarethenetforceandpotentialenergyin0.3.Pleaselistthreekindsoftheprimarybondsandthetypicalmaterial.H2,CH4:copper.:NaCI,ZnS.4.Pleaselisttwokindsofthesecondarybondsandthetypicalmaterial.:H2CH4:H20.5.Whatsthebondforsemiconductors?oI■RjqxiliL'.-ePE'=N«PEEnergyrequiredtosepa—rT-+iuLM一盂證oLHHPHJ最.出mlullll=*s=s4QBondlen[110](110)[111](111)[121](121)6.hatstheoriginoftheanderaalsbond?Pleaseexplaintheforationofthehydrogenbondandinduceddipole,respectively.生子子用10.Pleasedescribedifferentkindsofcrystaldefects.7.Pleasedrawthebodycenteredcubicandtetragonalcrystalstructu8.hatstheiliendexofthecrystalplane?9.Pleasedrawthecrystaldirectionandcrystalplaneinacubiccrystal11.owtodetermineaBurgersvectorforadislocationinacrystal?WhatsthedifferencebetweentheEdgedislocationandScrewdislocation?在实际晶体中作一伯格斯回路，在完整晶体中按其相同的路线和步伐作回路，自路线终点向起点的矢量，即伯格斯矢量。伯格斯矢量垂直于刃位错线。伯格斯矢量与位错线平行。刃型位错必须与滑移方向垂直，也垂直与滑移矢量螺旋位错线平行于滑移方向。12.Whatarethecharacteristicsatgrainboundary?晶界两侧晶粒的晶体结构相同，空间取向不同。PointgroupBasisChapter3.Dielectricmaterialsanddevices1.Whatarethedirectandconversepiezoelectriceffect?Directpiezoelectriceffect:Conversepiezoelectriceffect:2.Whatisthedomains?3.Pleaseexplainthepolarizationprocessforthepiezoelectricceramic.4.Pleasedrawthepolarizationversusstressforpiezoelectricceramic.Acompressivestressinthesamedirectionofpoling,createsavoltageofthesamepolarityasthepolingvoltage.，■占着极化方向的压应力产生与极化方向相同的扱化电场。应力越大.定向排列的屯畴越多.产生的极咼诺论pc!萌如化电荷越拓°当所有电畴都沿同向排列时，asPolingvollage极化达到最大「压应力逐渐减小，扱化逐渐减小。当应力为0时.大部分电畴仍然沿极化方向排列’有很大剩余极化「Voltageoftheoppositepolarityasthepolingvoltageisproducedbyatensilestressalongthedirectionofpoling.当施加拉应力时，产主相反方向的极化，电畴开始向相反方向翻转，与正方向的电畴逐渐抵消，极化电荷越来越少，当E反极化柑抵时+表现出来的极化为仇继续增大应力，电畴逐渐沿此方向排列，极化越来越大。5.Pleasegivethepiezoelectricequationandexplaintheparameters.d6.Pleaselistatleastthreeimportantpiezoelectricmaterial.SinglecrystalsPolycrystallineceramicsPolymerThinfilms7.hycantastaticforcebemeasuredbythepiezoelectricsensor理论上来讲，如果施加在晶片上的外力不变，积聚在极板上的电荷无内部泄漏，外电路负载无穷大，那么在外力作用期间，电荷量将始终保持不变。但这是不存在的漏电阻会很快泄放掉其上的电荷。DiskaftsrDiskcompressed:polarizationgeneratedvoltageDiskstretched:generatedvoltagehaspolarityoppositetothatofpolingvoltage8.HowtoimprovethesensibilityofthepiezoelectricsensorusingElectrometercircuit?t=R(Ca+Cc+Ci)9.Pleaselisttheapplicationofpiezoelectricsensors.力10.PleasegivethefrequencyresponseforaPZTandexplaintheoriginationforeachsection.谐振峰可用区间11频率/Hz直流响应为，然后有一平坦区间，接着有一谐振峰，然后快速下降。第一个区间是由于压电材料的漏电组引起的，第三个区间是由于传感器机械结构的共振引起的。11.Howtomeasuretheflowvelocityofliquidbythepiezoelectricsensor?它采用两个声波发送器和和两个声波接收器（和）。同一声源的两组声波在与之间和与之间分别传送。它们沿着管道安装的位置与管道成0角。由于向下游传送的声波被流体加速，而向上游传送的声波被延迟，它们之间的时间差与流速成正比。
