动名词动名词动词不定动词不定式式分词分词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补语补语动词不定式的基本形式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式todotodotobedonetobedonetohavetohavedonedonetohavetohavebeendonebeendonetobedoingtobedoing\\tohavetohavebeendoingbeendoing\\分词的基本形式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态现现在在分分词词一般式一般式完成式完成式过去分词过去分词doingdoingbeingdonebeingdonehavingdonehavingdonehavingbeenhavingbeendonedone\\donedone作主语:Toobeylawiseveryone’sduty.Todosuchthingsisfoolish.不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子,通常用it作形式主语,构成句型:It’s+n.(adj.)+for(of)sb.+todosth.Tofindoutwhostolethemoneyisnoteasy.It’snoteasy(foryou)tofindoutwhostolethemoney.如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,要在不定式短语前加上一个forsb.的短语，语法上称为不定式的复合结构.ItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.Itisverykindofyoutocomehere.Itisfoolishofhimtodosuchathing.Itwouldberudeofustorefusetheirinvitation.在某些形容词如clever,good,nice,kind,foolish,careless,right,wrong,rude,impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。动词不定式（短语）做主语时，可用it做形式主语，通常是一些特定的形容词，动词和名词．1)1)adj.adj.做表语．常见的做表语．常见的adj.adj.有有important,difficult,important,difficult,easy,hard,possible,impossibleeasy,hard,possible,impossible等等Eg.Itisimpossibletodoitwell.Eg.Itisimpossibletodoitwell.It’seasytogettheworkfinishedbeforefive.It’seasytogettheworkfinishedbeforefive.２）２）V.V.做谓语．常见的做谓语．常见的v.v.有有take,require,need,take,require,need,cost,amuse,delight,irritate(cost,amuse,delight,irritate(激怒激怒),annoy),annoy((打扰，扰乱打扰，扰乱))Eg.Ittookusthreehourstofinishthework.Eg.Ittookusthreehourstofinishthework.Itrequiresanotherthreepersonstodothework.Itrequiresanotherthreepersonstodothework.3)n.3)n.做表语．做表语．Eg.It’sagreatEg.It’sagreatpleasurepleasuretohelpyou.tohelpyou.It’sanIt’sanhonourhonourtobeinvitedtoyoubirthdayparty.tobeinvitedtoyoubirthdayparty.It’sagoodIt’sagoodideaideatodotheworkinanotherway.todotheworkinanotherway.动名词做主语时，动名词做主语时，itit也可作形式主语．用于这种也可作形式主语．用于这种形式的是一些特定的形式的是一些特定的adj.adj.和和n.n.，但这类次较少，但这类次较少..aadj.:dj.:enjoyable,good,worthwhile,nice,worth,uenjoyable,good,worthwhile,nice,worth,useless,seless,等；等；n.:n.:nouse,nogood,fun,anouse,nogood,fun,ahard/difficultjob,awonder,awasteoftimehard/difficultjob,awonder,awasteoftime等等Eg.It’sEg.It’sworthwhileworthwhiledoingit.doingit.It’sIt’snousenousedoingit.doingit.It’sIt’sawasteoftimeawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimnotttryingtopersuadehimnottosmoke.osmoke.作宾语I’mpreparingtotaketheexaminationnextweek.Whentheboywasonlyfour,hisfatherdecidedtomakeanartistofhim.attempt,afford,agree,aim,arrange,beg,careattempt,afford,agree,aim,arrange,beg,carechoose,decide,demand,determine,enable,choose,decide,demand,determine,enable,expect,hope,intend,long,learn,manage,expect,hope,intend,long,learn,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuseoffer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuseseek,wish,want,etc.seek,wish,want,etc.allow,mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,douballow,mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,doubt,escape,consider,admit(t,escape,consider,admit(承认承认))，，aadvise,appreciate=enjoydvise,appreciate=enjoy（欣赏）（欣赏）,av,avoid,f...
