第1页共11页水文学原理PrincipleofhydrologyChapter1绪论绪论:introduction大气圈(aerosphere)水圈(hydrosphere)岩石圈(lithosphere)生物圈(biosphere)人类圈(anthroposphere)中国四大水问题(fourmajorwaterissuesinChina)水多(more):洪水(floods)水少(less):干旱(droughts)水浑(turbid):水土流失(soilandwaterlosses)水脏(dirty):水污染(waterpollution)水平/垂直结构(horizontal/verticalstructure)河流学(potamology/riverhydrology)湖沼学(limnology/lakehydrology)水库(reservoir)冰川水文学(glacierhydrology)地下水水文学(groundwaterhydrology)水文气象学(hydrometeorology)积云(cumulus)河口水文学(estuaryhydrology)流域水文学(basinhydrology)全球水文学(globalhydrology)水文学中的环境同位素(environmentalisotopesinhydrology)Chapter2水文循环水文循环:hydrologicalcycle海洋蓄水(waterstorageinoceans)蒸发(evaporation)凝结(condensation)大气蓄水(waterstorageintheatmosphere)冰雪蓄水(waterstorageiniceandsnow)降水(precipitation)散发(transpiration)蒸散发(evapotranspiration)升华(sublimation)凝华(desublimation)地表径流(surface/directrunoff)融雪径流(snowmeltrunofftostreams)河川径流(streamflow)泉水(spring)淡水储存(freshwaterstorage)下渗(infiltration)地下水出流(groundwaterdischarge)地下水储存(groundwaterstorage)大/中/小尺度(macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale)开放/封闭系统(open/closedsystem)截留(interception)洼地储蓄(depressionstorage)地下径流(groundflow)壤中流(interflow)总水量(totalwater)海洋/大陆(oceans/continent)咸水/淡水(saline/freshwater)沼泽(marish)大气水(atmosphericwater)生物水(biologicalwater)土壤水(soilwater)第2页共11页Chapter3流域与水系流域与水系:Watershed&DrainageNetworksPart1基本概念分水线(watersheddivide)闭合流域(closedwatershed)非闭合流域(unclosedwatershed)水系(DrainageNetworks)羽毛状水系(Elongatedshape)平行状水系(fanshape)混合状水系(mixedshape)坡地(Slope)倾斜面(inclinedplane)收敛曲面(ConvergentCamber)发散曲面(DivergentCamber流域基本单元(Unit)Part2水系的地貌特征河源(headwater)节点(node)出口(outlet)外链(Externallinks)内链(Internallinks)干流(mainriver)支流(tributaryriver)Strahler分级法河流长度(streamlength)河数定律(thelawofstreamnumbers)河长定律(thelawofstreamlengths)链长度(LinkLength)横断面(Crosssection)纵断面(longitudinalsection)大断面(floodcross-section)弯曲率(Sinuosity)河底比降(Slopeofstreambed)Part3流域的地貌特征流域形状(Shapeofwatershed)流域坡度(Slopeofwatershed)流域面积及面积定律(Drainageareaandthelawofdrainageareas)流域长度和宽度(Widthandlengthofwatershed)形态因子(Shapefactor)圆度(Circularityratio)伸长比(Elongationratio)河网密度和河道维持常数(Drainagedensity&constantofchannelmaintenance)河流频度和链频度(Streamfrequency&linkfrequency)面积--河长曲线(Drainagearea-streamlengthcurve)高程曲线(Elevationcurve)第3页共11页Chapter4降水降水(Precipitation)Part1降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitationelements&Temporalandspatialvariation)降雨的基本要素(RainfallElements)降雨量(深)Rainfall(depth)降雨历时(Rainfallduration)降雨强度(Rainfallintensity)降雨面积(Rainfallarea)暴雨中心(Stormcenter)降雨强度与历时曲线(Rainfallintensity-durationcurve)降雨深与面积关系曲线(Rainfalldepth-areacurve)降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线(Rainfalldepth-area-durationcurve)Part2降雨类型及其影响因素(TypesofrainfallandAffectingfactors)气旋雨(Cyclonicrain)对流雨(Convectional/Convectiverain)台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes)地形雨(Orographicrain)锋面雨(...