Book-5-U1-Grammar-and-usage-1VIP专享VIP免费

牛津高中英语牛津高中英语(模块五·高二上学期)GrammarTo-infinitive板块：教学设计—课件作者：常州市北郊中学王萍UnitUnit11Unit1Unit1课件描述：本课语法教学主要使学生掌握不定式的功能和用法。本课采用语法教学与单元话题紧密结合的方式，使学生在使用英语讨论朋友和友谊这一话题中，发现、归纳、掌握并适当操练不定式的用法。整堂课以上一课时阅读中的内容为线索，给语法教学创设真实的语境，并通过游戏、竞赛等活动，活跃课堂氛围，使学生快乐学习语法。WhatcanwelearnaboutfriendshipfromAnnie’sletters?1.Totalktoafriendopenlyandsincerelywhensomethingunpleasanthappensisveryimportantifwearetokeepthefriendship.2.Weshouldalwaysremindourselvestotrustourfriendswhateverhappens.subjectpredicativeobjectcomplementStudythetwolettersonPage5,tryingtofindoutmoreTo-infinitivesinthelettersandtelltheirfunctionsinthesentences.(1)Youhaveeveryrighttofeelbetrayed…(attribute)(2)…shewantedtoembarrassyouinpublic…(object)(3)Itseemsyouneedtoapologizequicklytoavoidlosingagoodfriend!(4)…,oneofyouhastobethefirsttoadmit…(object)(attribute)(object)(adverbial)动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是nottodo。动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词不定式短语的一个部分。不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语等，但不能单独作谓语。ThefunctionsofTo-infinitive1.作主语ToreadEnglisheverydayisnecessary.（不定式toreadEnglisheveryday做主语）动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：•ItisnecessarytoreadEnglisheveryday.•Itisagoodideatogoforapicnictoday.2.作宾语Iwanttoseeafilm.（不定式toseeafilm做宾语）不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用it做形式宾语。例如：•HefinditdifficulttolearnChinese.•Wethinkitimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.3.作宾语补足语HeinvitedmetogiveaspeechonChinesehistory.（不定式togiveaspeechonChinesehistory做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语me）Ihavealettertopost.(不定式topost做定语，修饰名词letter)1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：•Shehadonlyasmallroomtolivein.•Ineedapentowritewith.4.作定语2)试比较：Doyouhaveanythingtowash?你有什么要洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是you）Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?你有什么要（别人）洗吗？（不定式towash的动作执行者是别人，而不是you）5.作表语Hiswishistobecomealawyer.(不定式tobecomealawyer在连系动词is后做表语)6.作状语表示目的。例如：Theyworkedharddayandnighttopaybackthedebt.表示结果。例如：Ihurriedtotheairportonlytofindtheplanehadtakenoff.表示原因。例如：Shefeltdisappointedtohearthenewsthatshehadn’tbeenpromoted.PassthesentencesonThankstomyfriends,mylifeseemtobegettingeasierandmoreinteresting.MatthewmaypretendtobemakingfriendswithPeter.Personally,Ifeelhappytohavemadesomegoodfriends.HeissaidtohaverecoveredfriendshipwithTom.不定式还有进行形式(tobedoing)和完成形式(tohavedone)Theyseemtobereadinginthelibrary.(动词不定式tobereading表示动作read正在发生)I’msorrytohavesaidthat.（动词不定式tohavesaidthat表示动作say发生在过去，并且已完成)DifferentformsofTo-infinitiveLearntouseTo-infinitivetotalkaboutwhatyouhavelearnedaboutfriendsandfriendship.Soweshouldtrusteachothertomakeourfriendshiplastlong.bareinfinitiveBrainstorming:Canyouthinkofotherwordsorphrasesafterwhichthebareinfinitiveisused?(1)在feel,hear,listento等感官动词后，或在let,make,have等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如：•Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.•Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday.•Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.•Iwasmadetopromisetowriteeveryday.Bareinfinitive(2)wouldrather,hadbetter和whynot后面，不定式不带to。例如：–Iwouldratherstayathome.–Whynotcomein?(3)当两个动词不定式由and,or,than,ratherthan,as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如：•Doyouwanttogoskatingorseeafilm?•Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.(4)不定式在介词but,except后时，若介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如：•Hedidnothingbutpointtothedoor.FinishtheThank-youletterfromSarahtoAnniebyfillingintheblanks.Keys:(1)tothank(2)tosee(3)tothink(4)trust(5)lose(6)apologize(7)totalk(8)keep(9)togo(10)nottohate(11)toforgive(12)be(13)tobegetting(14)tohave(15)tohavegot(16)get