语音及其读音规则复习一、音素1.元音20个单元音12个前元音[i:][i][e][?]中元音[?:][?]后元音[?][ɑ:][u:][?][?:][u]双元音：8个[ei][ai][?i][?u][au][i?][??][u?]辅音28个爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][ɡ]摩擦音[f][v][θ][e][s][z][?][?][r][h]破擦音[t?][d?][tr][dr][ts][dz]鼻音[m][n][?]边音（舌侧音）[l]半元音[w][j]2.读音规则1）元音字母在重读音节中的读音a[ei]nameplaneJanecakebaby[?]bagdadhatmapblackbacke[i:]theseChineseheme[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi[ai]bikedrivetimenicekitefly[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo[?u]thoseclosehomenogohoe[?]clocknotboxshopsocku[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday[u:]Junerulersuperblue（jlrs后）[?]buscupjumpmuchlunch2）元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a在[w]音后面[?]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[?u]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[?]comemonkeylovemother3）元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a[?]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangee[?]hundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketi[?]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[?]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[?u]alsozerophotou[?]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary*动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，operate*u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue*在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei既可以读作[?]音，也可以读作[i]音。4）-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音*ar[α:]carfarmdarksharpener*ar在[w]音后面[?:]warmquartertowards*or[?:]fortymorningshort*or在[w]音后面[?:]wordworkerworse*erirur[?:]certainlybirdThursday*辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry*-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday5）-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音*are[??]caredarehare*ere[i?]heremere*ire[ai?]firehirewire*ore[?:]morescorebefore*ure[ju?]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中ure在非重读音节中读[?]音picturepleasure重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元音字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph3.音节的划分一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。man[m?n]'Wednesday['wenzdi]'apple['?pl]字母m,n,l与其它辅音字母一起可以构成成节音节4.重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“'”。'dictionary['dik??n?ri]mag'nificent[m?ɡ'nifis?nt]Chinese['t?a?'ni:z]***大多数的双音节和3音节的词重音都在第一个音节。'holiday,'primary***多数3音节和多音节的词的重音都在倒数第三个音节。'family;'recognize;de'mocracy,phy'losophy***由a-;be-;com-;con-;de-;em-;en-;es-;ex-;im-;-in-;ob-;per-;pre-;pro-;sub-;trans-等前缀构成的双音节或三音节的单词，重音在前缀后的那个音节上。Be'come;con'tain;en'gage;im'press;ob'serve;pro'pose;trans'form***含有-ian;-ic;-ical;-id;-ion;-ify;-ible;-ient;-ity;-ish;-eous;-ive;-ant等后缀的单词重音在后缀的前一个音节上。Mu'sician;a'tomic;demo'cratic;dis'cussion;'terrible;'patient;responsi'bility;cou'rageous;de'licious;pro'gressive;de'pendant但是，由-ed,es,-er;-est;-or,-ary,-ory;-ment;-ous,-cy;-ry;-ty;-al;-ure;-ute,-ble;-ar,-ly;-less;-ness,-ful,-ing等后缀不影响重音的位置。'Prisoner;'movement;'conqueror;'sorrowness;'quickly***动名词和名词结合的单词只有一个重音分词与名词结合的单词有两个重音复合形容词两个词都要重读'hand-'made;'hard-'working;'absent...
