动词的语气•陈述语气•祈使语气•虚拟语气陈述事实或就事实提出询问,广泛应用于陈述句和疑问句中仅用于祈使句中,表示说话人向多方提出请求、劝告或命令。知识要点虚拟语气虚拟语气表示不可能实现的愿望、想象或与事实相反的假设。Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishwouldbemucheasier.知识要点一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(非真实条件句中)的结构虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反①If+主语+动词的过去式②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形知识要点例句:IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotagreewithwhathesaid.如果我是你,我就不同意他说的。Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.如果她不是病了,她可能会来的。IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldaskhimsomequestions.如果李教授明天有空的话,我们可以问他点儿问题。知识要点*使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。例句:Ifyouhadmyadvicejustnow(过去),youwouldbebetternow(现在).如果刚才你听从我的建议,现在你就会好得多了。知识要点2.在If引导的非真实条件句中,if可以省略,但需用倒装结构。*如果if从句中含有had,should或were时,可把它们提到主语之前,并省略if,而且省略if的从句一般置于主句之前。例句:WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我能再回到学校,我会更加努力地学习。Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.Shouldtheearthstopturning,whatwouldhappen?注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但不能说:Weren’titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.。知识要点3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而用without,butfor等或连词otherwise等表示一种含蓄条件(but,otherwise,butfor,butthat,without,,forfearthat(唯恐),ifonly(要是……就好了)知识要点例句:Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议,我就不会做得如此成功Shewouldhavesaidno.Butthatshewasafraid.要不是她害怕的话,她就会说“不”了。Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopenpolicy.Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyou.我昨天很忙,不然的话,我会帮助你的。IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuytheapartment.要是我有更多的钱,我就会买这套公寓了。。(表示现在或过去不能实现的一种愿望,ifonly后用动词过去时或过去完成时)知识要点②Ifyou________thebus,we_________theirconcertinthetheatrenow.A.miss;areenjoyingB.didn’tmiss;areenjoyingC.hadnotmissed;wouldbeenjoyingD.hadnotmissed;wereenjoying【解析】考查虚拟语气。错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反,故用hadnotmissed;主句与现在事实相反,故用wouldbe,故选C。【答案】C知识要点—③Youfinallypassedtheexam,didn’tyou?—Yes,butforyourhelp,I________.A.wouldsucceedB.wouldn’tsucceedC.wouldhavesucceededD.wouldn’thavesucceeded【解析】句意为:——你终于考及格了,是吗?——是的,但要不是你的帮助,我不会成功的。woulddo表示与现在的情况相反的假设;wouldhavedone表示与过去的事实相反的假设。根据句意,可知表示的是与过去的情况相反的假设,而且应该使用否定形式,选D。【答案】D知识要点—④MyGod!Ijustmissedthebus.—That’stoobad.You________itifyouhadsetoutabitearlier.A.shouldhavecaughtB.hadcaughtC.wouldhavecaughtD.couldcatch【解析】句意为:——天哪!我刚刚错过了公共汽车...