FIREPROTECTIONHANDBOOKNineteenthEditionVOLUMESI&IIArthurE.Cote,P.E.Editor-in-ChiefJohnR.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.PamelaA.PowellCaseyC.Grant,P.E.AssociateEditorManagingEditorConsultingEditorRobertP.Benedetti,P.E.GuyR.Colonna,P.E.MarkT.ConroyArthurE.Cote,P.E.RitaFahy,Ph.D.CaseyC.Grant,P.E.RaymondA.Grill,P.E.JohnR.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.MiloshT.Puchovsky,P.E.DenaE.SchumacherGaryO.TokleRobertJ.Vondrasek,P.E.GregoryE.Harrington,P.E.SectionEditorsNationalFireProtectionAssociationQuincy,MassachusettsEditor-in-Chief:ArthurE.Cote,P.E.AssociateEditor:JohnR.Hall,Jr.,Ph.D.ManagingEditor:PamelaA.PowellConsultingEditor:CaseyC.Grant,P.E.SeniorDevelopmentalEditor:RobineJ.AndrauDevelopmentalEditor:DanaA.RichardsProjectEditor:IreneF.HerlihyPermissionsEditors:JosianeB.DomeniciandJanetI.ProvostAdditionalReadingsEditor:NoraH.JasonEditorial-ProductionServices:OmegatypeTypography,Inc.InteriorDesign:OmegatypeTypography,Inc.CoverDesign:Cameron,Inc.ManufacturingManager:EllenJ.GliskerPrinter:Courier/NationalCopyright©2003NationalFireProtectionAssociation,Inc.OneBatterymarchParkQuincy,Massachusetts02269Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthematerialprotectedbythiscopyrightmaybereproducedoruti-lizedinanyformwithoutacknowledgmentofthecopyrightowner,normayitbeusedinanyformforresalewithoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.NoticeConcerningLiability:Publicationofthisworkisforthepurposeofcirculatinginfor-mationandopinionamongthoseconcernedforfireandelectricalsafetyandrelatedsubjects.Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoachieveaworkofhighquality,neitherNFPAnortheau-thorsandcontributorstothisworkguaranteetheaccuracyorcompletenessoforassumeanyli-abilityinconnectionwiththeinformationandopinionscontainedinthiswork.TheNFPAandtheauthorsandcontributorsinnoeventshallbeliableforanypersonalinjury,property,orotherdamagesofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherspecial,indirect,consequential,orcompensatory,directlyorindirectlyresultingfromthepublication,useof,orrelianceuponthiswork.ThisworkispublishedwiththeunderstandingthattheNFPAandtheauthorsandcontrib-utorstothisworkaresupplyinginformationandopinionbutarenotattemptingtorenderengi-neeringorotherprofessionalservices.Ifsuchservicesarerequired,theassistanceofanappropriateprofessionalshouldbesought.ThefollowingareregisteredtrademarksoftheNationalFireProtectionAssociation:NationalElectricalCode®andNEC®NationalFireCodes®LifeSafetyCode®and101®NationalFireAlarmCode®andNFPA72®LearnNottoBurn®RiskWatch®Sparky®NFPA5000™andBuildingConstructionandSafetyCode™NFPANo.:FPH1903ISBN:0-87765-474-3LibraryofCongressControlNo.:2002105867PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica030405060754321DedicationInrecognitionofthosewhosufferedfromthetragediesofSeptember11,2001,thisHandbookisdedicatedtoallwhohavegiventheirlivesinanefforttomakethisworldasaferplace.PrefacexvIntroductionxviiSECTION1SafetyintheBuiltEnvironment1–11.1IChallengestoSafetyintheBuiltEnvironmentIJohnR.Hall,Jr.1–31.2IFundamentalsofSafeBuildingDesignIMartinW.Johnson1–331.3ICodesandStandardsfortheBuiltEnvironmentIArthurE.CoteandCaseyC.Grant1–51SECTION2BasicsofFireandFireScience2–12.1IAnOverviewoftheFireProblemandFireProtectionIJohnR.Hall,Jr.,andArthurE.Cote2–52.2IFundamentalsofFire-SafeBuildingDesignIJohnM.Watts,Jr.2–372.3IChemistryandPhysicsofFireID.D.Drysdale2–512.4IDynamicsofCompartmentFireGrowthIRichardL.P.Custer2–732.5ITheoryofFireExtinguishmentIRaymondFri...
