名词一.分类1.专有名词：人名Mike事物Gonewiththewind地名Shanghai节日Mother’sDay机构WTO2.普通名词：可数名词：个体名词book集体名词classpolicefamily不可数名词：物质名waterairtea抽象名lovehappinessinformetion二.名词的数1.规则：（1）+S（2）以s.x.ch.sh结尾的+esclassboxmatchbrush(3)辅音加y的city--cities2.以o结尾（1）+esheropotatotomatoNegroedo(2)只+s词末两个元音bamboosradioszoosstudios(工作室）kangaroos（袋鼠）（3）有些外来词+sphotoskilospianos3.以f.fe结尾f---v+esleaf---leaveslife---livesshelf---shelveswife---wivesthief---thieveshalf---halvesknife---kniveswolf---wolvesself---selves但beliefsbelievehandkerchief----handkerchiefs-----handkerchieves4.特殊变化man---menwoman---womenfoot---feettooth---teethchild---childrenmouse---miceoasis---oases5.单复同形SheepdearChineseJapanesefish（不同种类加es）6.合成名词一般只变主体名词OptionButton1sons--in--lawappletreesshoeshopstoyboatsgrand--childrengrown--upspassers-by但amandoctormendoctorswomen--teachersgirlstudents7.同时有两种复数形式：二个人二个民族twopeopletwopeoplestwoworktwoworks（作品）twopapertwopapers（论文）nationality8.有些名词是带s的physics，maths，politics，news但它们是单数9.hairfruit通常是单数drinktea但如表若干用复数，clothes复数cloth衣，裤，布Clothing布料police的动词总是用复数policeman---policemenSeveralhundredpoliceareonduty.三.名词的所有格1.Lily’sbookteacher’sroomchildren’sdesksLucy’sandLily’smothers.LucyandLily’smother.2.表示店铺或某人家时，名词所有格后常省略Sheisstayingatmyaunt’s（home）.thebarber’s理发店（shop）thebaker’s面包店3.friendsofmine（hers）myfriend.friendsoftom’s.Tom’sfriend四.名词的单位1.可数----普通量词-----特殊量词普：fewafewmanyagreatmanyagoodmanyanumberof特：abagof，abasketof，twogroupsof，apairof，arowof，acrowdof2.不可数普：little，alittle，abitof，alittlebitof，agreatdealof，agooddealof，alargeamountof特：apieceof，aglassof，adropof（滴），abowlof，acupof情态动词常见的：can能may可以will（would）意愿need需要dare敢must必须haveto不得不shall（should）应该（义务）oughtto应该usedto惯于havegotto（=must）一定beto愿意hadbetter最好wouldrather宁愿一.can，could1.表能力，“能，会，能够”Canyoudriveacar？No，Ican’t.Yes，Ican.2.表允许，口语中代替many，“可以”CanIuseyourbike?3.表可能性，常用于否定疑问句中Canitbetrue？Hecan’tbeathome.4.could表委婉，客气CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow？5.can与beableto时态Ihaven’tbeentogetintouchwithher.Can能力beableto通过努力做到二.may，might1.表许可或征求对方许可，“可以”Youmaygonow.MayIuseyourbook？2.回答MayIsmokehere？Yes，youmay.或Yes，please.No，youcan’t.或No，youmustn’t.No，you’dbetternot.3.表猜测，通常只用于陈述句Youmayberight.=Maybeyouareright.4.might更委婉，客气MightIuseyourpen？5.口语中can，may可换表许可，can较随便，may更正式MayIcheckyourpassport？三.must1.表义务，“必须”Youmustobeythetrafficrules.2.否定句中表不许，禁止Youmustn’tleavehere.3.表坚定的坚建议Youmustcomeandseeustomorrow.4.表推测，暗含很大的可能性Hemustbeill，helookssopale.注：may暗含可能性较小，must较大5.回答MustIcleantheroomatonce？Yes，youmust.No，youneedn’t.No，youdon’thaveto.四.haveto虽是情态动词，但有人称，数的变化1.haveto客观需要义务，must主观认识Imissedthetrain，soIhadtotalaataxi.2.在疑问句和否定句，haveto与do搭，must直接提前或+notDidhehavetodoit？Hedidn’thavetofinishit.3.在否定句中，haveto表不需要，must表不允许Youdon’thavetogo.=Youneed’tgo.Youmustn’tgo.五.Need情态：无人称，数的变化+动词原...
