——《鸿门宴》、《陈情表》、《段太尉逸事状》一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义1.写出下列通假字的本字，并解释其义《鸿门宴》(1)皆为龙虎，成五采通________，______________(2)距关，毋内诸侯通________，_____________(3)张良出，要项伯通________，______________(4)吾入关，秋豪不敢有所近通________，______________(5)愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也通________，______________(6)旦日不可不蚤自来谢项王通________，___________(7)令将军与臣有郤通________，______________(8)项王则受璧，置之坐上通________，______________《陈情表》(9)夙遭闵凶通________，______________(10)零丁孤苦通________，______________《段太尉逸事状》(11)不嗛，辄奋击通________，______________(12)椎釜鬲瓮盎盈道上通________，______________(13)太尉判状，辞甚巽通________，______________答案(1)“彩”彩色(2)“拒”把守“纳”接纳(3)“邀”邀请(4)“毫”细毛(5)“背”违背(6)“早”早早地(7)“隙”隔阂(8)“座”座位(9)“悯”指所忧愁的事(10)“伶仃”孤独的样子(11)“慊”满足，快意(12)“槌”打(13)“逊”谦恭2.解释下列加点字词的词义《鸿门宴》(2)卮酒安足辞：________________________________________________(3)度我至军中，公乃入：__________________________________________________《陈情表》(4)行年四岁，舅夺母志：________________________________________________(5)寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马：_______________________________________________________《段太尉逸事状》(6)宗元尝出入岐周邠间：___________________________________________________(7)率以货窜名军伍中：_________________________________________________(8)日群行丐取于市：__________________________________________________(9)太尉自州以状白府：_________________________________________________(10)既署一月：________________________________________(11)尚书固负若属耶：____________________________________________(12)散还火伍中：_______________________________________(13)市谷代偿：______________________________________________(14)一夕自恨死：_______________________________________________(15)其故封识具存：_______________________________________________答案(1)责备(2)推辞(3)估计、揣测(4)改变(5)授予官职(6)往来(7)这里指名字混入(8)索取(9)禀告(10)暂时代理(11)你们(12)队伍唐代兵制，五人为伍，十人为火(13)买(14)遗憾、羞悔(15)题识3.解释下列加点的古今异义词的古义《鸿门宴》(1)沛公奉卮酒为寿，约为婚姻古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：结婚的事，因结婚而产生的夫妻关系。(2)备他盗之出入与非常也古义：______________________________________________________________________今义：副词，很。(3)今人有大功而击之古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：现在的人，与“古人”相对。(4)而听细说古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：详细说来。(5)秦时与臣游古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：游览，环游。(6)如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：鱼身上的肉。《陈情表》(7)九岁不行古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：不可以，不被允许，表示否定。(8)至于①成立②①古义：___________________________________________________________________今义：表示达到某种程度，表示另提一事。②古义：__________________________________________________________________今义：指(组织、机构等)筹备成功，(理论、意见)有根据。(9)是以区区不能废远古义：______________________________________________________...
