TheStoryofEnglish:NormanInfluence1066年诺曼底公爵威廉率军数千人，穿过英吉利海峡，征服了英国。威廉的胜利，不仅影响了以后的整个英国历史，而且对英语的发展也产生了重大的影响……TheNormaninvasion（入侵）ofEnglandinAD1066hadgreatinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.TheinvasionwasledbyWilliamtheConqueror.Withhisvictory,WilliambroughtingreatnumbersofFrench.TheseFrenchoccupiedthecountryafterdrivingouttheirEnglishowners.TheEnglishwerereducedtoworkers,servants,andevenslaves.Englandbecameathree-languagecountry,withtheupperclassesspeakingFrench,churchofficialsspeakingLatin,andthelowerclassesspeakingEnglish.Forthenextseveralgenerations（代）verylittleEnglishwaswritten.FrenchandLatinwerethelanguagesofreligion（宗教）,law,science,literature,andfashion.Still,therewerefarmoreEnglishspeakersthanNormans.Whydidn’tFrenchdisappear?BecauseformanyyearstheNormansinEnglandkeptclosetieswiththeircountryfolkinFrance.Somenoblesownedlandinbothcountries,andthekingsofEnglandalsoruledalargepartofFrance.ThesecontactskeptFrenchaliveandactiveinEngland.Thenwhydidn’ttheoppositehappen—whydidn’tEnglishgraduallydisappear?Thefirstreasonisintermarriage（通婚）.AlmostfromthebeginningNormansoldiersandevenwealthypeoplefoundEnglishwives.Withinafewgenerationsthetwopeoplesmixedandbecameonepeople.ThesecondreasonisthatKingJohnmanagedtolosehisFrenchlandsinaboutAD1200,thusbreakingthetiebetweenEnglandandFrance.Thus,theEnglishlanguagehelditsownandbegantorise.ByAD1300,Englishwasagainwhatpeoplespokeonadailybasis,withasmallminoritywhospokeonlyFrench.ButitwasafardifferentEnglishfromwhatwasspokenwhentheNormansfirstarrived.
