TranslationTheconceptsofstressandstraincanbeillustratedinanelementarywaybyconsideringtheextensionofaprismaticbar
AsshowninFig
1,aprismaticbarisonethathasconstantcrosssectionthroughoutitslengthandastraightaxis
InthisillustrationthebarisassumedtobeloadedatitsendsbyaxialforcesPthatproduceauniformstretching,ortension,ofthebar
应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一根矩形梁的拉伸的简单方法来举例说明
如图1所示,这根矩形梁可以看作是由遍及长度方向的连续横截面所组成,这些横截面垂直于它的轴向
在这个例子中,这根矩形梁被假定在它两端施加了一对使它发生均匀拉伸的轴向力P
Bymakinganartificialcut(sectionmm)throughthebaratrightanglestoitsaxis,wecanisolatepartofthebarasafreebody[seeFig
Attheleft-handendthetensileforcePisapplied,andattheotherendthereareforcesrepresentingtheactionoftheremovedportionofthebaruponthepartthatremains
Theseforceswillbecontinuouslydistributedoverthepartcrosssection,analogoustothecontinuousdistribu