虚拟语气是动词语态的一种特殊形式。它用来表示假想、愿望、要求、建议、命令等情况。根据虚拟语气动词的变化形式，把它分成两种：1、“过去式或过去完成式”表示虚拟语气2、“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气“过去式或过去完成式”表示虚拟语气若是表示现在或将来的情况，用一般过去式；若是表示过去情况，用过去完成式1.if虚拟条件句表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)would/could/might/should+动词原形(do)表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done上面4个情态动词+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodo4个情态动词+do[考题]1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe__inturn,you___sotired.(全国)A.drove,didn’tgetB.drove,wouldn’tgetC.weredriving,wouldn’tgetD.haddriven,wouldn’thavegot2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(全国)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气1、表示建议、要求、命令后的各种从句。建议要求命令suggest(suggestion)advise(advice)propose(proposal)askv.demandn./v.requirev.requestv./n.insistv.orderv./n.commandv./n.1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2.Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。注意：suggest只有作“建议”时，从句中用虚拟，若表示“表明、暗示”时，不用虚拟。[考题]Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe___amedicalexamination.(上海）A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.shouldbe,hadD.was,has[考题]Thebusdriverinsistedthathe___atnormalspeedandtherefore___forthechild’sdeath.A.drive,notanswerB.wasdriving,shouldn’tanswerC.shoulddrive,shouldn’thaveansweredD.drove,shouldn’tanswer（answerfor负责，保证）注意：insist只有作“坚决要求”时，才用虚拟，若表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，不用虚拟。2.在Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange…)后的that从句中Itisimportantthathe(should)learntoread.他要学会读书是很重要的。简单归纳1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should)do表示虚拟形式,主要用于名词性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下3点：（1）省略if并倒装（2）几种特殊结构（3）ifonly从句1、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebe2、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish+宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.should•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)2）wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3）asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时•Helooksasifheweredrunk.•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Itseemsasifitwerespring.•Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.（4）.It’shightime+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5）without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.•Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.3、Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!
