——《游褒禅山记》、《郑伯克段于鄢》、《报任安书(节选)》一、理解常见文言实词在文中的含义1.写出下列通假字的本字，并解释其义《郑伯克段于鄢》(1)佗邑唯命通________，___________________(2)谓之京城大叔通________，___________________(3)大都不过参国之一通________，___________________(4)焉辟害通________，___________________(5)无庸，将自及通________，___________________(6)遂寘姜氏于城颍通________，___________________(7)若阙地及泉通________，___________________(8)孝子不匮，永锡尔类通________，___________________《报任安书(节选)》(9)古者富贵而名摩灭通________，___________________(10)大底圣贤发愤之所为作也通________，___________________(11)思垂空文以自见通________，___________________(12)网罗天下放失旧闻通________，___________________(13)稽其成败兴坏之纪通________，___________________(14)则仆偿前辱之责通________，___________________答案(1)“他”别的(2)“太”太叔是尊称(3)“三”数词，三(4)“避”避开(5)“用”需要(6)“置”安置(7)“掘”挖掘(8)“赐”赐予(9)“磨”磨灭(10)“抵”都(11)“现”表现(12)“佚”散乱(13)“记”历史记录(14)“债”欠下的2.解释下列加点字词的词义《游褒禅山记》(1)褒禅山亦谓之华山：___________________________________________(2)其文漫灭：_______________________________________________(3)余与四人拥火以入：________________________________________________(4)有碑仆道：____________________________________________________(5)夫夷以近：_________________________________________________《郑伯克段于鄢》(6)初，郑武公娶于申：_____________________________________________________(7)亟(qì)请于武公：______________________________________________________(8)制，巖邑也：__________________________________________________(9)无使滋蔓：________________________________________________(10)既而大叔命西鄙、北鄙贰于己：______________________________________________(11)缮甲兵：____________________________________________《报任安书(节选)》(12)太史公牛马走司马迁再拜言：_____________________________________________(13)少卿足下：_____________________________________________________(14)何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉：____________________________________________(15)唯倜傥非常之人称焉：___________________________________________________(16)稽其成败兴坏之纪：___________________________________________(17)亦欲以究天人之际：________________________________________________(18)略考其行事：_________________________________________________(19)曼辞以自饰：_________________________________________________答案(1)称、叫(2)模糊、磨灭(3)持、拿(4)倒(5)平坦(6)当初(7)屡次(8)险要的(9)滋长蔓延(10)边邑(11)修整(12)像牛马一样供人驱使的人(13)对人的敬称(14)泛指束缚囚犯的刑具(15)卓异超群，洒脱不拘(16)考订、考查(17)推究(18)考证(19)美3.解释下列句中加点的古今异义词的古义《游褒禅山记》(1)比好游者尚不能十一古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：数字。(2)而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：程度副词，很、十分。(3)至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：动词，表示达到某种程度。介词，表示另提一事。(4)于是余有叹焉古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：连词，表结果。(5)此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也古义：________________________________________________________________________今义：学问渊博之人。《报任安书(节选)》(6)意气①勤...
