专题十五推理判断题-2-高考《考试说明》指出:阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中,有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。这类旨在考查考生透过文章的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力的题目,属深层理解题。-3-阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节,也要求理解抽象的含义,既要求理解字面意思,又要求理解其深层含义;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。1.推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种(1)Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.(2)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat.(3)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat.(4)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.(5)Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat.-4-(6)Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat.(7)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(8)Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof.(9)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby.(10)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n).-5-2.推理判断题解题策略(1)细节推断题细节推断题要求考生根据文章内容,推断具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可以根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,然后作出判断。此类题常用infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe等词提问,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如:can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词或词组,如probably,mostlikely等。-6-【典例分析】(2014·江西卷,D篇)Everyonelooksforwardtoprogress,whetherinone’spersonallifeorinthegeneralsociety.Progressindicatesaperson’sabilitytochangethewayheislivingatthemoment.Progressmustleadtoabetterlifeandabetterwayofdoingthings.Allthese,however,remaintrueonlyinsofaraspeoplewanttoaccepttechnologyandmoveforwardbyfindingnewandmoreefficientwaysofdoingthings.-7-However,atthebackofthemindsofmanypeople,especiallythosewhomissthe“goodolddays”,efficiencycomeswithaprice.Whencommunicationbecomesmoreefficient,peopleareabletocontactoneanothernomatterwheretheyareandatwhatevertimetheywishto.Theclickofabuttonallowspeoplemilesaparttotalkorseeeachotherwithoutevenleavingtheirhomes.Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandipads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Apersonalvisitcarrieswithittheadditionalfeatureofhavingtobeintheperson’spresenceforaslongasthevisitlasts.Wecannotunnecessarilyexcuseourselvesorturntheotherpersonoff.-8-Withefficiencyalsocomesmassproduction.Suchisthenatureoffactoriesandthesuccessofindustrializationtoday.Factorieshaveimprovedefficiency.Unskillfultasksarelefttomachinesandproductsarebettermadeandproducedwithgreateraccuracythananyhumanhandcouldeverhavedone.However,withtheimprovementsinefficiencyalsocomesthelossofthepersonaltouchwhenmakingtheseproducts.Forexample,manyhandicrafts(手工艺品)arenowproducedinafactory.Althoughthismeansthatsupplyisbetterabletoincreasedemand,nowthatthesupplyisquickandefficient,thedemandmightfallbecausemassproductionlowersthequalityofthehandicraftanditisdifficulttofinduniquedesignsoneachitem.-9-Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.Infact,progresshasallowedtraditiontokeepup.Itisonlywithprogressandtheinventionofnewtechnologythatmanyoldproductscanbebroughtbacktotheiroldstate.Newtechnologyisrequiredforoldproductstostayold.Itispeople’sattitudetowardsprogressthatcausesthetypeofinfluencethattechnologyhasonsociety.Technologyisflexible.Thereisnofixedwayo...
