动词不定式动词不定式一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语ToseeonetimeToseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimestohearahundredtimes.TopersevereToperseveremeansvictory!注①：注①：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobeheretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguagetomasteralanguage.注②：注②：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：Ittookusfivehourstogettheretogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethattohearhimtalklikethat.注③：注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示，如：Itisnothardforoneforonetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultformeformetodothework.注④：注④：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：It’skindofyouofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sveryniceofyouofyoutobesoconsiderate.It’sunwiseofthemofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofherofhertomakesuchamistake.二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2．主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorthtoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletternottowritethatletter.Mysuggestionistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.注注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词dodo时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“toto”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebuttonpushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyselfgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegramsendhimatelegram.三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语1．“动词动词++带带toto的不定式结构的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clocktomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpecttofindyouheretofindyouhere.2．“动词动词++疑问词疑问词++带带toto的不定式结构的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why除外），如：Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wheretoputit.注①：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行it，把不定式后置，例如：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.注②：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词except或but(=except)的结构中才能这样用，例如：Heseldomcomesexcepttotolookatmypictureslookatmypictures.Thechilddiddidnothingexceptweepweep.Shecandodoanythingbutsingsing.Hewilldodoanythingforyouexceptlendyoumoneylendyoumoney.Theycoulddodonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoarrivewaitforthedoctorstoarrive.注意不定式符号的省略问题！注意不定式符号的省略问题！四、不定式结构作定语四、不定式结构作定语1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：It’stimet...
