LivingwithtechnologyGrammarandUsageTransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs(及物动词和不及物动词)英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。一、及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语,常有以下几种形式：1.“主＋谓＋宾”结构。如：HereachedParisyesterday.Theboylikesplayingbasketball.Theybelievethattheyareright.Eg:Pleasegivemeabook.（givesbsth)(=Pleasegiveabooktome.(givesthtosb))sheboughtmeanicegift.(buysbsth)(=sheboughtanicegiftforme.(buysthforsb))2.主＋谓＋双宾(IO+DO)即vt+sb+sth结构可把vt+sbsth换成vt+sthtosb的动词有：give/send/award/bring/hand/lend/mail/owe/pass//return/sell/show/take/offer/teach/tell/throw/recommend…换成for的：book/buy/choose/cook/make/draw/prepare/sing/spare…3.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补(vt+O+OC)Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.Sheoftenmakesmehappy.WecallhimJimmy.Hefoundhimselflyinginbed.①可充当宾补的有：adj.、n.、adv.、do、todo、doing、done、介词短语，从句②常带宾补的vt.有call;ask,tell,want等(+sbtodosth)；使役动词make,let,have,get;感官动词see,hear,notice,find等；“认为,觉得”类动词consider，believe等；“使….保持某状态”的动词keep,leave等。注意这些动词接宾补的形式：1)makesb/sth+adj./n.sb.dosthoneselfdone2)make/have/let+sb.+dogetsb.todo3)have/getsthdonehave/getsb.doing4)感官动词：see/hear/watch…sbdosbdoingsb/sthdone5)一些及物动词：ask/want/advise/invite/allow/encourage/cause/force/persuade/tell/wish/promise…+sb.+todoeg：Heaskedmetogetupearly.6)findsb./oneself+doingsth./介词短语/done7)leavesb.doingsth.undonesb.todosth.tobedone8)keepsb/sth+adj/doing./done9)believe/think/consider/find+sb/sth+(tobe)+adj./n.4.及物动词或词组常可用于被动语态中Theybuiltanewbusstation.Anewbusstationwasbuilt(bythem.)但有些及物动词或词组虽然能带宾语，但不能用于被动语态中：cost,fit,have,own,hold(容纳），agreewith,belongto,addupto,consistof,sufferfrom…Eg:Thebighousebelongstome.Theteamconsistsof12men.___fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoesA.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.BeingsufferedⅡ.不及物动词（vi.）不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上相应的介词。Lookcarefully!Lookatmecarefully!listentome.Waitforme.Heworksinafactory.1.常见的不及物动词及词组：agree,disagree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,wait,succeed,live,lielast,end,spread,appear,disappear,happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,breakdown,comeup,cometrue,comeabout,comeout(出版),give/runout,goout(熄灭),godown(下降),goup,comeback(返回)，comeover(访问)dropby(顺便拜访)，getup(起床)，growup，showoff(炫耀)，showup(出现),turnup,wakeup(醒来),等。2.有些动词既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物动词，其意义不变。有：begin、start；answer,sing,close,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve,leave,stop,fly,cook,contribute...attendvi.专心，注意，照顾(+to)vt.参加adjustvi.适应(to)vt.调整runvi.跑vt.经营getvi.到达(to)vt.得到sellvi.某物卖得好不好vt卖，销售…washvi.某物好不好洗vt.洗…需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语。如：dreamadreamsighadeepsighdanceacharmingdanceliveahappylife误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：depend/relysb.正：depend/relyonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事4.易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：误：knockthedoor正：knockon[at]thedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth....
