专题二十二推理判断题-2-推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息进一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。-3-推理判断题的考查主要有以下方式:1.Howdidtheauthor’sfathermostprobablyfeelwhenhereadthemails?2.WhydoesJackie’sdaughterworryabouther?3.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinthewriter’ssituation?4.Howdidthewriterfindhisexperience?答题技巧:这类题从表面上看是问有关全文的题,但实际上不用看全篇,仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话,然后得出答案。考生在做此类试题时,要把握作者的观点,同时针对问题的中心谈论自己的观点。观点要明确,不能模棱两可。还要注意不要出现过分或偏激的观点,尽量与作者观点保持一致。假如试题中有具体线索,可以根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话),然后做出推理。-4-(2014·山东卷)[1]Nowadaysthecostofanewcarhasfalleninrealtermssothatitischeaperthanevertoownone,andbetterroadconditionshavealsoattractedmoredrivers.Theresultisovercrowdingontheroadsystem,whichisoneoftheproblemsthelocalgovernmentsarefacedwith.[2]Whenpeopletraveltoothertowns,theproblemmightberelievedbygettingthemtoparkoutsidethetown.Busescouldbeprovidedtotakethemintothecentre.TheseParkandRideprojectsareincreasinglypopularintheUK.AtSoutherton,forexample,acouncil-fundedprojectledtoa15%dropincitycentretrafficoverfivemonths.[3]Whatthecouncilfound,though,wasthattheprojectprovedsomewhatunpopularwithshopownersintheareaoutsidethecentre.Manyoftheirshopsreliedonpassingcardriversforsomeoftheirtrade.Asthenumberofpeopledrivingpastdropped,sodidtheirincomes.-5-[4]Makingcardrivingexpensiveisanotherwayof.Roadtaxestendtomeanthatpeopleusetheircarsless.Finingdriverswhoareinareaswherecarshavebeenbannedcanalsotendtoencouragethemtoleavetheircarsbehind.[5]However,onethinghastobegotrightforanysolutiontosucceed.Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.Constantdelays,unannouncedchangestothetimetableandsuddencancellationsalldiscouragepeoplefromusingpublictransport.Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsareontime.-6-68.Whyweresomeshopownersunhappyabouttheproject?(nomorethan10words)剖析:推理判断题。根据第三段第二句:Manyoftheirshopsreliedonpassingcardriversforsomeoftheirtrade.可以得出答案。故答案为:Theirincomesdroppedbecausefewerpeopledrovepast.70.WhyarepeopleunwillingtousepublictransportaccordingtoParagraph5?(nomorethan8words)剖析:推理判断题。句意:如果我们期待人们放弃开车的习惯,我们必须给他们可以信赖的选择;下文也提到公共交通的弊端:经常延误、时刻表的改变和突然的取消。这些都使人们不愿意乘坐公共交通工具。故答案为:Becausepublictransportisnotreliable/satisfactory.
