五、词义猜测类1.词义猜测类题型特点这类问题主要测试考生以下两种能力：根据上下文推测和判断生词或短语在阅读材料中的含义；根据上下文判断代词it，this，he和they等的指代关系。此类问题通常有以下几种类型：(1)Theunderlinedword/phrase“...”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans.(2)By“...”(Paragraph2)，theauthormeans.(3)Theword“...”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.(4)“They”inParagraph1mostprobablyrefersto.(5)Theword“that”inLine3standsfor.(6)InLine8theword“...”couldbestbereplacedby.2.词义猜测类阅读理解的备考策略这种类型的问题重点考察的不是学生词汇量的多少，而是考查学生是否具有利用语境线索推测和判断单词词义的能力。下面介绍几种方法：(1)注意thatis，thisis，inotherwords，namely，thatmeans等过渡词直接引出的同义解释；(2)注意and，notonly...butalso，besides，similarly，likewise，inthesameway等过渡词引出的相同或类似的意思；(3)注意生词前后的but，however，while，onthecontrary等过渡词引出的对立关系；(4)注意forexample，suchas，acaseinpointis等过渡词引出具体例子来说明或阐述；(5)注意生词前后标点符号所暗示的语义关系。例如：冒号引出具体说明或例子，分号引出类似或对立的观点，破折号引出同位语等；(6)注意修饰生词的同义词、反义词、定语从句、同位语或独立句；(7)利用相关的构词法知识(前缀、词根和后缀)。实例透析1.(2011·湖北卷·B)Howling，interestingly，isacontagiousbehaviour.Whenonewolfstartstohowl，verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccurinthemorning，asifwolvesweredoingsomesortof“rollcall”wherewolvesallhowltogethertoreporttheirpresence.58.“Howling...isacontagiousbehaviour”(inthelastparagraph)means.A.howlingisasignalforhuntingB.howlingisawayofcommunicationC.howlingoftenoccursinthemorningD.howlingspreadsfromonetoanother解析由第二句话可知当一只狼嚎叫时，其他的狼也会跟随，与D选项意思相符。答案D2.(2011·四川卷·C)ThemultimillionpoundnewLibraryofBirmingham(LoB)willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization(数字化)ofeverydaylife.Settoopenin2013，the￡188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotakeshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatre，withwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.Asdigitalmedia(媒介)isimportanttoitsidea，theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.BrianGambles，theLoBprojectdirector，saysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearning：“Theaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital，providing24hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeople，moreeffectively.”49.Theunderlinedpart“itsidea”inParagraph3referstotheideaof.A.theequipmentB.theprojectC.thedigitalmediaD.thephysicallibrary解析词义猜测题。根据itsidea所在的语境可推断出。因为对于这个工程(itsidea)来说媒介很重要，所以现在这个工程(project)正提供给一些小公司一些机会从事一些新技术的研发工作。答案B考题印证A(2011·浙江卷·D)ItwasSaturday.Asalways，itwasabusyone，for“Sixdaysshallyoulaboranddoallyourwork”wastakenseriouslybackthen.Outside，FatherandMr.Patricknextdoorwerebusychoppingfirewood.Insidetheirownhouses，MotherandMrs.Patrickwereengagedinspringcleaning.Somehowtheboyshadslippedawaytothebacklotwiththeirkites.Now，evenattheriskofhavingBrothercaughttobeatcarpets，theyhadsenthimtothekitchenformorestring(线).Itseemedtherewasnolimittotheheightstowhichkiteswouldflytoday.Mymotherlookedatthesittingroom，itsfurnituredisorderedforathoroughsweeping.Againshecastalooktowardthewindow.“Comeon，girls!Let’stakestringtotheboysandwatchthemflythekitesaminute....
