虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。语气陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。PeoplegetAIDSafterhavingbeeninfectedwithHIV.HermotherdidnotknowthatshehadAIDSuntilafterXiaohuawasborn.HowshouldweacttowardspeoplewhohaveAIDS?Whatabravegirl!语气祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。Letmedoit.Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.虚拟语气•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：虚拟语气在在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况过去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might/should+动词原形(do)表示过去情况过去完成式(had+done)Would/could/might/should+havedone表示将来情况①过去式(did)(were)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might/should+do虚拟语气[例句]1.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.(与过去事实相反)2.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitwere(weretobe/shouldbe)sunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.(与将来事实可能相反)3.假如我是你的话，我现在就走。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgonow.(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在在条件从句中If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。Ifhehadbeenthere,hecouldhaveseenthefilmIfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.2.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.3.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形虚拟语气二、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在在条件从句中Hadyoucomeafew….WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifithadrainedlastnigh...
