LanguagePoints1.boycott①vt．联合抵制torefusetobuysth.,usesth.,ortakepartinsth.asawayofprotesting.如:Weboycottallproductstestedonanimals.我们抵制用动物做产品实验。Explanation②n.抵制anactofboycottingsth.,ortheperiodoftimewhenitisboycotted.Phrasesfromotherentries:boycottof/on/against抵制calledforaboycott号召抵制organizeaboycott组织抵制如:Thegroupisurginganationwideboycottoftoysmanufacturedwithchildlabor.这个组织呼吁联合抵制雇佣童工生产的玩具。Hecalledforaboycottoftheelections.他呼吁联合抵制选举活动。2.prohibit禁止,阻止tosaythatanactionisillegalornotallowed.如:Smokingisstrictlyprohibitedinsidethefactory.厂内严禁吸烟。prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止，阻止别人作某事如:Theyareprohibitedfromrevealingdetailsaboutthecandidates.他们被禁止透露候选人信息。3.offense<美>=offencen.(动词形式：offend)anillegalactionoracrime.如:Thepossessionofstolenpropertyisacriminaloffence.占有偷盗赃物是一种犯罪行为。Punishmentforafirstoffenceisafine.初犯的惩罚是罚款。Hissolicitorsaidhecommittedtheoffencebecausehewasheavilyindebt.他的律师宣称他负债太多已构成犯罪。Thebillmakesitanoffencetocarryaknife.法令视携带刀具为犯规行为。4.submit服从;顺从submitted/submitting①togiveaplan,pieceofwritingetctosomeoneinauthorityforthemtoconsiderorapprove.②submitanapplication/claim/proposaletc.如：AllapplicationsmustbesubmittedbyMonday.所有的申请周一前必须提交。③tosuggestorsaysth.submit+(that)从句如:Isubmitthatthejuryhasbeeninfluencedbythepublicityinthiscase.我承认陪审团在这个案件中已经受公众影响。5.punctualarriving,happening,orbeingdoneatexactlythetimethathasbeenarranged同义：ontimepunctually---副词punctuality---名词bepunctualforsth如:She'salwaysverypunctualforappointments.她总是很准时赴约。thepunctualpaymentofinvoices.发票的准时支付。6.salutev.①tomoveyourrighthandtoyourhead,especiallyinordertoshowrespecttoanofficerinthearmy,navyetc敬礼salutation---名词如：ThetwosoldierssalutedLieutenantCecil.那两个士兵向塞西尔中尉致敬。Themenjumpedtotheirfeetandsaluted.他们跳起来敬礼。②topraisesomeoneforthethingstheyhaveachieved,especiallypublicly.salutesbassth.如：JamesJoycewassalutedasthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.詹姆斯·乔伊斯被赞颂为20世纪最伟大作家。③insalute如：heofficerraisedhishandinsalute.④saluteto如：HisfirstwordswereasalutetothepeopleofSouthAfrica.7.hostilityhostilitytowards/between敌意，恶意，不友善whensomeoneisunfriendlyandfullofangertowardsanotherperson如:hostilitytowardsforeigners.8.fundamental（adj.)relatingtothemostbasicandimportantpartsofsth.基础的，根本的如:Wehavetotacklethefundamentalcauseoftheproblem.我们必须抓住这个问题最基本的原因。fundamentals(名词）thefundamentals(ofsth.)基本知识，基本原理themostimportantideas,rulesetcthatsomethingisbasedonanintroductiontothefundamentalsofdesignandprintproduction.9.constitutional宪法的;构成的officiallyallowedorlimitedbythesystemofrulesofacountryororganization.constitutionally---副词constitution---名词constitute---动词反义词：unconstitutional违反宪法的aconstitutionalrighttoprivacyaconstitutionalmonarchy(=acountryruledbyakingorqueenwhosepowerislimitedbyaconstitution)10.supreme最高的havingthehighestpositionofpower,importance,orinfluence如:theSupremeAlliedCommanderinEuropewherehereignssupreme(=isthemostimportantthing)Itrequiredasupremeefforttostayawake.11.liberty自由，随意thefreedomandtherighttodowhateveryouwantwithoutaskingpermissionorbeingafraidofauthority.如:individual/personalliberty个人自由religious/political/economicliberty宗教，政治，经济自由takethelibertyofdoingsth.如:Itookthelibertyofcancelingyourreservation.我随意取消预约。beatlibertytodosomething如:Iamnotatlibertytodiscussthesematters.我没空讨论这些事情。12.briefcontinuingforashorttime如:WestoppedbyAlice'shouseforabriefvisit.我们在爱丽斯逗留了一会儿。inbrief简言之Hereagainaretoday'sheadlinesinbrief.这个是今天标题简要。13.liveoutsth.toexperienceordosth.thatyouhaveplannedorhopedfor.如:Themoneyenabledthemtoliveouttheirdreams.
