一.过去分词的形式:规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成，(played,carried)不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。(done,taken)二.过去分词一般表示完成的被动的动作.三.过去分词的作用:做定语,表语,状语,补足语.A.过去分词作定语:作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.Suchas:alightedcandleastolencar2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.Eg:Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.Theconcertwhichwasgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号Eg:Thepeople,attendedthemeeting,werefamousescientists.㈡.过去分词做表语:Eg:Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词表状态)㈢.过去分词作状语:1.表示被动的和完成的动作.Eg:Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语Eg;Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.【注意】如果过去分词的动作不是句子的主语发出时,前面再加逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构叫独立主格结构.Eg:Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.【注意】过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.Eg:Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.3.过去分词作状语的位置:可位于主句之前,也可主句之后.有逗号与主句隔开.Eg:a.Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.b.Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.四.过去分词作宾语补足语:过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:1.感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think,find等.(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.2.使让类动词:have,make,get,keep,leave等.(1)I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发.(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.(3)Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完.五、"with+宾语+过去分词"结构1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)1)Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(全国2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun2.Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(全国2004)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases___onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known4.Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadleft.（全国2005）A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.（全国2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout6.(1)Heoftenseethem_______footballontheplayground.Themissingboyswerelast⑵seen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplayCA7.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister___,todayhewasmade___byhislittlesister.(87年)A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Allofuswere_____bythe___question___byalittlegirl.A.puzzled,puzzling,roseB.puzzling,puzzled,raisedC.puzzled,puzzling,raisedD.Puzzled,puzzled,lifted(78年)5.I‘veheardhim_____aboutyouoften.A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.tospeak6.Icouldsaynot...
