Development by Cause and EffectcontentSample 1New Wordsrecord companies:唱片公司bring out:publish 出版don’t bother doing sth.:unwilling to do sth. 不情愿做某事eg. He doesn’t bother preparing for tomorrow’s the examination.他并不想准备明天的考试。contentSample 1 Cause:In these years, the record companies have been competing to bring out the latest versions of the same pieces without thinking of whether music fans wanted it. Effect:The classical music industry is negatively affected.cause→effectStructure:contentSample 2Topic sentence:The problem of housing in New York is worse for the Puerto Ricans.( 波多黎各人 )Reasons:(1)The Puerto Rican who emigrates( 移民 ) is always so poor that he must look for cheap apartments. effect→cause (by using the word “why”)Structure:Effect:(2) Cheap apartments, which are very old, damp and full of rats, are only located in the worst areas. (3) Many times, the cheap apartments are close to health department. Words and phrases for cause & effecteffectcauseso, accordingly, thus, consequently, thussince, due to, owing to, thanks to, the reason for, for this reason, it follows that, now that…as a result, A result in B, A is the consequence of B, so…that当你有信心做某事，结果就会成功。癌症往往导致死亡。When you do something with faith, it will result in success.Death is usually the consequence of cancer.• 1. 既然你没有烈性酒，我就喝点啤酒吧。 (since) Since (now that) you have no spirit, I have to settle for beer.2. 这场车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。 (due to) This traffic accident is allegedly due to negligence.3. 由于同志们的帮助，他进步很快。Owing to (Thanks to) the help from his comrades, he has made rapid progress.Writingeffectcause1. The pace of life is very fast.2. People are in fierce competition with others every day.3. There are various kinds of pollution caused by industrialization.4. The living space for people are limited.Topic: over development of big citiesPeople of big cities are under great stress.Development by ClassificationSample 1occupationways of lifeliving spaceHunters, farmers, fishers, warriors, slaves, priests, artists1. Some Indians lead simple life of hunting and gathering.2. A few groups build cities and temples.1. Most groups which live in one place all their lives2. Other groups are always traveling.languageThe most important thing for a good classification is the category.Category: a group of things which show some similar features.Sample 2classificationadultschildren许多人喜欢他们所认为是晒黑的健康的颜色。Many people love what they consider a suntan’s healthy glow.Sample 3dog-eared: 书有折角的她从书架上取出一本折角的杂志。She pulls down from the shelve a dog-eared journal.Those who do not read their books.Those who read only some parts of their books.Those who read closely and carefully every one of their books.
