1 句子结构及成分一 .句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种： 除 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语 (adverbial) 和补语（ complement ）之外还有表语（ predicative）（同位语）。许国璋英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，钉 谐音为 “定语 ” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线， （虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可由 1.名词、 2.代词、 3.数词、 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式、 6.动名词、 7.主语从句等表示。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( 数词 ) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语， 主语从句是真正主语）练习 1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’ t at home is not true2 答案：1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）2.We often speak English in class. （代词）3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定...
